UNIT-LI arbon oxedaktion: lycolyses Responation Respération es • an oxidative Preocess, in which trees tree energy released from resperatory substrates like glucose. Fructose Es osad in the formation of ATP. cchen one a mele of glucose is completely onzdered ento cos and water, approximately 2870ks on 686 kcal energy is liberated Approximately && mobs at 32 are generated from ATP are oxidised to coa and H₂o Per molecule of glucose ox. CoHigor 1602- →6c02+6H₂O +686 kcal. Glycolyses In Grund word glycolysts mean sweets spleking In Greek is known EMP Glycdysis occurs Em cytoplasm. Glycolu Oxidateve Proces in which one mole Glycolyses is of glucose Es an • Partially oxidexed Einto the toxo moles of Pyruvate em a series of enzyme - catalyze of naadion Panlycolyses the major Pathanay ban glucose metabolion. Occurs in the cytosol of all cells. 94 85 a unique Pathosay ancerobically and does not involve molecular oxygen occurs aerobically as well as step-1 (phosphorylation) Glucose is phosphorylated by Amp to forcon Catweese ca sugar phosphate. →The negateve change of the phosphate Prevents the Passage of of sugar phosphate through the membrase plasma frapping glucose inside the cell. This erreversible reaction is. hexokinase catalyzed by →Hexokinase is Present in all cellsof all organiss. → Hepatocytes also contain a toremot hexokinase Called glucolinase. →Hexokinase and Glucokinoue arce Esozymes. → Glucokinase is Present in lever and bela cells of the Panacrreas and have a high km and Vmay al compared to hexokinase. → Hexokinase and other kinases required devalent metal con such as Mgatore Mn2t for its ancyme acterity. step-2 (Tsomerisation) → Glucose-6-phosphate & converted Ento bructase-6-phospha En Presence of PGI →It is the comveration of Aldohexose Ento webhexose. →Thes Esomerisation reaction is reeverisiable ster chence rearrangement of chemical structure. Occured I where carbonyl tricom careland, 4 moves to carbon & toreming a ketose cugan torma aldose sugarn stees (Phosphorylation) Step-3 The new by hydrony!! ATP to to group forem fructose. carbonz Es phosphorylated -1-66lphosphate trom 6-phosphate En Presence of phospho fructo kimase enzyme (PFk). This step is irreverscable stery (cleavage) →The 6-carbon su garn (F-1-6-bophosphate) Es cleaveol sugan to produce two 3-carbon sugan molecule ie DHAP (Dehydroxy acetone phosphate) I'm Prence of an enz aldolase. enzyme step is reversiable reaction. This step Step-5 (Isomerisation) DHAP Es Esomercised to borem G3P En Presence of enzyme triose phosphate Esomerase. Now 2 molecules of Gap are Present. step-6 (Dehydrogenation) ze oxidered referen to boxm 1-9-bephaphe 2 molecules of G3P are oxic glycerate En Presence of G3P dehydrogenase engyme This step epis is reverscable reaction. →Herre ANAD is converted to 2NADH2. stee.? (ist sostrcake level phosphorylation) →om this 7th step is rettered to as ist substrate level Phosphorylation because the phosphate donor is 1,3-biphosphoglycerate, which is the substrate cwith high phosphoryl transfer potential. > on the 7th set step there is a convention of 2 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerade trom 2 molecules of 1,3-bephosphoglycerale en Prevence of Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) cwith laboration of a molecule of ATP. step-8 → molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate converted to 2 molecules of 8-Phosphoglycerate in Presence or enzyme Phospho glycerate mutase (PGM). Thes step is a reveriscable reaction, where phospher freem ared position of Position fion of carcben. step-9 (Hydrolyses) cacbon moved to and The removal of water treom-s-phosphoglycerate whichh creates a high energy enol phosphate linkage The enzyme catalyzing this slep renolase is Emhibited by bluorcide step-10 (and substrate level phosphorylation) The that treanster of the high-energy phosphate group generated En step a to ADP Forces ATP En glycolysis is the Exreverschie → This last step Eng transter fer of the phosphoryl group brom phosphosaneleymu to ADP is catalyzed by pyruvate himare. →Pyruvate kinase requires either ktor Mg2-. Net reaction- Glucose +&NAD++2ADP +2 Ha Poy spyruvalet POY QNADH+2ATP+2H20