University:
Brigham Young University
Course:
CHEM 489 | Structural Biochemistry
Academic year:

2023
Views:

79

Pages:

29
Author:

NebulaNomad99

PLANT METABOLISM → It is a catabolic process in which the substrates. such as carbohydrate, proteins, fats aree oxidised to carbon dioxide and the oxygen absorbed is reduced to watere with release of sove amount of chemical energy stored in the bonds of complex molecules. All living organisms respirce continuously by absorbing oxy equal process. oxygen and releasing is, unially in 'volumes, so it is an oxidantion requction. → The overall equation of respiratón Es; 16H12O6 + 60, +601010₂ +12+50 + Energy (686 κραι.) Most of the but a of ATP. energy released is losseelas heat paret of heat is utilised in the forematem of When a gram 75 completely energy of mole of glucon burent heat. ' oxidiled it win yield 686 kcal → ATP & highly reactive energy reich molecule which serve as an interermediate between tween energy releasing and energy consuming reaction Mechanism of Respiration: Divided into 3 major Parte (no production of co₂). Glycolysis - consist of serties of steps, resulting in oxidation of carebohydrate to & molecules of pyruvic aud. → bo this step occur in cytoplasm of the well and Pareenas INP pathway. In this pathway I molecule of hexose is converted into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (ur) Pyruvate.. ((2) Decarboxylatin D. Aced is converted into acetyl coenzyme n'. It is an Aerobic process. (3) it is chisely related to Herce 'H' atoms de carboxylaten. are removed from the organic acid and aftere a series of Oxidation, Reduction steps they unite with to yield walere. Glycolysis: This process has 2 steps (preparatory phay (1) Conversion of Glucose into fructose-1,6-Biphosphate (2) Splitting of the Fructose - 1,6-biphosphate inte 3. carbon compounds which are converted into Pyruvic acid. (payoff phase). Process: Glucose APP Hexokinase Glucose-6 phosphate I phosphogluco isomerase Fructose-6-phosphate Freectore-1,6 biphosphate Aldolase Preparatorcy Phase Triose phosphate icomegase (30) Dihydroxy acetone phosphate Glyceraldehyde- 3 phosphate glyceraldehyde 3phosphate dehydrogenase hexokinase Glyceraldehyde-1,3 biphosphate- glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehyctrogenase 1,3-biphosphoglycerdic ADP phosphoglycerald kinase. 2ATP 3 phosphoglycercicand Iphosphoglycera mutdre 2 phosphoglycorcic acid JHD Enolase. Phosphoenol Pyruvic aut 2ADP ↓ Pyruvate kinase Pyruvic and Step-1 Phosphorelation-I Glucose combines with ATP to forem Glucose-6-phosphate by enzyme Hexokinase. Step-2: Isomereisation - I- Glucose-6-phosphate is isomercised into Firme tore phosphate by enzyme Isomerase. Step-3: Phosphorelation -:- Fructose-6-phosphate combines with ATP to forem. Fructose - 1,6-biphosphate by enzyme phosphotreste Payoff phare Kinase. Step-4 Splitting:- fructose 1,6-biphosphate splitts into dihydroxy acetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by enzyme eldolase. Step-5: Isomerisatin-1:- Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is icomatised into 33-phosphoglyceraldehyde by enzyme Trioose Phosphate Iso Merau Pay-off phase:- Triose sugare arce oxidise to pyreuvic acid, ATP is forem and this is called as subitraste tot level. phosphorelatim. Step-b-Oxidatim & Phspherelatim:- 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde underegues phosphorelatein top form 153-diphosphoglycercic acid. in presence of enzyme glyceraldehyde- 2 phosphate dehydrogenase Step-7 ATP synthesis -I:- 1-3 diphosphoglycericand combines with ADI to farem. 3 phosphoglycercic acid (ATP. in presence of enzyme phosphoglycerata Kinase. Step-8: Isomerisatem-III- 3-phosphoglyceric alud is Isomerised into 2-phosphoglycercic acid in presence of enzyme Phosphoglyceremutase. 133-35 33 34-35 62 63 Step-9: Dehyetration :- 2-phosphoglyceric acid hy loss of water molecule is converted into phosphoenol pyruvic and by enzyme enolase. Step-10: ATP synthesis:- phosphoenol pyruvic acid combines with ADP to forem pyruvic and and ATP in the presence of enzyme pyruvate kinare.. Net Product of Glycolysis:-. In glycolysis & molecules of ATP aree consumed De durcing double phosphorrelation of glucore to farem. Fructose 1,6-biphosphate (1ⅱ) In Returen 4 molecules of ATP are produced by substrate level phosphorelation (conversion off 173-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycercate) & phosphoend pyriivic acid to Pyruvic acid) 111) 2 moyens, of NADH aree formed at the time of ( oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. 190-diphosphoglycerate. to (iv) 2 molecules of NADH on oviclation produce & molecules of ATP. Thereforce a netgain 8 ATP Molecules. occurs during glycolysis.