Unit 1: Population Ecology

POPULATION ECOLOGY Population ecology, study of the processes that affect the distribution and abundance of animal and plant populations. 11 Individual Corganism) It is distinct living entity or district package which corries of all life processes in its body, separate from those in other individuals. An individual is made up of one or more cells. It may be al Unicellulars. Single celled (bacteria, yeast) b ) Multicellulor many celled (human, plants) It is capable of self repair and self regulation. New individuals develops from pre-existing ones. Species A species refers to individual organisms that can inter. breed and produce fertile omsprings. So species is a group of interbreeding individuals that do not breed with other organisms. For example, a species of horses can interbreed to produce fertile offsprings. However, if a horse breeds with a donkey the offsprings (male) is not Pertile. This indicates that a horse and donkey are two separate system. 3) Population: A population is a group of all of the members of a specific species in a particular area or region at a particular Atme. A population contains genetic variations among them. Selves. For example all of the frogs in a lake can be considered a population. A population will contain its own genetic variations and there will also be genetic variations between different population. It derived from the latin word populous means people. Population Size3. Papulation size is represented by the letter N and it equals the total number of Individuals in a population.. Papulation Density Population density refers to the number of individuals in a particular area. Population Growth The annual average rate of change of population size... for a given country, territory or geographic area. during a specific period.. 4 fador that affect population growth 1. Natality (birth rate) 2. Mortality (death rode) 3. Immigation (Rise in population causing over ponwation) 4. Fmigation (Leaving one's native place) Formula for Birth rate- Total No. of live birth ×1000 Total no of population 5000 Total population Cin year 2020) 1000 Birth BR 1000 X 1000: 200 5000 formula for Death rate. Total no. of death. Total population X1000 5000- Total popwation. 2000- Death DR 2000 x 1000 400 5000 means people. Population Size3. Papulation size is represented by the letter N and it equals the total number of Individuals in a population.. Papulation Density Population density refers to the number of individuals in a particular area. Population Growth The annual average rate of change of population size... for a given country, territory or geographic area. during a specific period.. 4 fador that affect population growth 1. Natality (birth rate) 2. Mortality (death rode) 3. Immigation (Rise in population causing over ponwation) 4. Fmigation (Leaving one's native place) Formula for Birth rate- Total No. of live birth ×1000 Total no of population 5000 Total population Cin year 2020) 1000 Birth BR 1000 X 1000: 200 5000 formula for Death rate. Total no. of death. Total population X1000 5000- Total popwation. 2000- Death DR 2000 x 1000 400 5000 ii) Competition (--) Intraspecific competition Csome species). Interspecific competition (different species) Predation (1,-) Lion, deer Porasitism (1,-) Host, parasite Commensalism (1,0) Frog lese lear to hide. Amensalism (-10) Penicillium secrete (Penicillium which is extremely toxic to bacteria.)