Introduction to Ecology

n41) ((hken clucion do coloqy)) intooduckion ord Ce (Ft TRe Herum"eco logy", coined by he Gexemon biotogis or Ae Grtee cuOTel oikos O meanîng house" meanin "scfenee" on Stualy". Ths Frn Haecket', wa oroluellirg ".ano 09°s ece logy is he Stuey the houie o(6 Heacker ffst des cmlb ecology' a a Separate Ficcl Knowledge. Accoscng to hîm,eco logy is hetueyol TLeciosDCce tcuiy ship beke 8qanids anc heirt enirun ment a l N dekinet ton o eo1oyrte C)'Eco109 Is e Sctentifhe Study ch to ntevautiog bekeen rcanfsms " and nëirr envirton men, h)'ecoloqy e a Sciente theu deau u i t a telokion Ehip beBueen supsUog livirg his ndthery envson ment Frot aso ogys Cale bioloa LPe s"bio ecclegy"er lbianomic e" not distrabute Ort 'nuitronmemb eeny On oth, but ralkes in prteheg ftcly Eccley See ks to exploaio hb pheneenon ecolou a brroad sciptine Oro it booouug e mcay aruag tke f mdhematic bur nodes foy Population gomwth , froom phiyiioloe do uneletStend houo Srraiann live în Auer nviron mendS, froma eoloy du Undlerstond Ss ard Fsom chemishry to UndesSent Ave Chemi Fon geneki dehonse o6 P an to unclers S t e r t exBincfitn o Prsos all thae pe-Cie PiedS, Lcolog Speciej . Ptmati hs ememed sa scicnce vilat Some Imponkont Ecologicou Terns ()Ahudo co103 The Stucly inalivicduau Speey o rot - s eco y S4 au30 Aheeoloqu is knoun aj antei enwirunment kroun as populoticn ecoloq erc Prructton dlyromies Jmporcien Fcadure oß aUAeco[oM3 9 4 i Concerened uith 4e t u o te Orcxoni&m3 ouf th e do 4uciy rt Specle ecolooy o PopulaHa) ineroelation ek îndividuas onvitonomed. deols wfth Qasfy mecsurevaruables Such ay light, tempesaf humid ty) 9aint,ana 1cubte nukrnents eAr, thic dade q ive a9 deo to undleK Skard or li i CrganiSm s9 hos great eneedl , e histury ana behoviou ot t Speces. de Fottooinq ecomomft biotg Ycos Jccleinete cenemiCDotenyWhich fncI udteg agiculteme Onc Fonestry signi ficance ty c) Aute co logy C ( o n s e r t v c d i Tmpo rolant Por Soi Cons ertvation ane uito ufe is cuso o e ore one Pmcoeds to Cultivate any Craonit eheconomie any oh es ftcancre, ne must be well quare oaty CRani Speieg Fo H best PoSRi ole gmouuth n the revfrre ments) ot hat he envîroome ) Furthert, aueco (ogy geg an iclea ok dijtm bufion, adopdodim ,Spetiatoy ek Sreco, ok a parchiculoun Some Speieg Oro Con fha to tmiae a r e o due to imeikec ehorote ristics ok adapteton , uhere ay othess may Jou fo disheent habitot conelitionS due to hawînq a wrde rango ecoloq1Ccu adla PBatioNS. vi) O Stdyire autecotoue can kno we Aiminq vardous Sheg o gsuon Qnddeebrmont otplants like ormaion, gyowth, ftowera Puftx ard Seneccenke Due o his beha viourt PlanAs r o Herm blotogicoe Clocks ds ecotpe Cac Clocks. ag - 9nfoet O autecolg91 s based on 4eStudy & ecolecicoul tife hhem uhh ir Concercn ed turth 4 atM As ota Spetio oougheut hs e yee and in etatton to 1tS odiut t ments fd naturau Condi HonS. Synecolo38Sn ecoio in4be, Study grup o CoganiGmg ct dibfemend Speeney cunfchare agsociated togethes ajaumit in fom S ot Communiiy - St is aSo St deats cuith t e n many Knoun oy Com muni ty e\ study ok he fnercatdion betuden Spetneg in Conmumi4re aSpetts incuwdin dismbuti0), SdrtuCtre, akundanee ,demog7a bekdaen Co exic4q Prubtions Ph anînercukian) Imporcdavnd featuneg ol ineto (o The pimcuy Focus ot SJneroto Popoladions Oas deker mined chastact erdchcg. ison the Tntesactins behueen bypeci fie genotypic ad fhenctypic )9n ecolegy is larely desmbie ard not eari Sobjecteso expesl0 menAou deaign ( moclereg Comrsuni tfe ecaeg Rxnine palerens Suchou ariatim i Speics TUCchney, equibitg proclthiuianefeoeueb 8kuckmand olso Prcdoters pr ropufedi dyneamiet,Scee dsion and ammunt v) Sn oOCommunity ecolocuy vardoUS înkegaton ameng Speciey v e Competiks)precohUn,potagrA1Sm, mutuaum CommenSetism ek areCtudieo ()94 u b qeals auith he cormmnumidy SARuchene 2 e He Grgoni zoutiom of a Communey codh tas pet} to ecoloqicca n HesctCtiS icteqhcau i)Fxom pie th Studi o Secelp to meauye pmary pruclwction înha we laund in etoaAon do ceCompo SiHt9 Ob Consum PtiO) frouke. Thfs require On Urde Sheunolr e CConmumtty nneti)S betMen Plants (e Pirrar ocluddrg) and 0 Qe COpotens(ic {ngi&bactema Orougt ob prredudurg ptroy ynomic e t amaibi e )Foocl uahs and do phi (evey fooeis U}ed to xplain e ure dho ma artodeuo idey Qmploy CCmceptuo Speney CCmmumity (mleoue amonq eNm Eco Pourcticuordy 3tis 4he macdern (ogua- ConcertAcd urth the brtanch amusis a utth A atuo tndeT Tlenclihg a eCotogy Funcfion nd SAruchre ch eco ygtem y euie ob Ppeo mathea Ocha odvanc Statts -hcotech ntte9, mouhe mocticae moco chauroteris tics k Computes Schonce s îmteraction g andoCnsachin s wiihin deau ofth e ecolog 9em and beAueen bbtoqiccue ane eceLoqicu Susteyg ano s especial . Condortn.d with qhuSu hFenchionina ot 4he e o Sstem g Can ho InPuenaed oy huma in derien tnS. SgAem ecdLoay Seeks aho tistiview o t e otun oio (ogfcoe ano Qte (sgica derautin s aro san sadion within ord lbetuuee) SiemSS d . A cen trooa feouuse ot Sotem ecoegy is 4e general appi iccdiun oj +e Psinciptes o energetis to ou Syhem at eny Scàle The, OAhex ctosey retaked fieolu oSSHm Ore i deep ecology (ecotsgica ana nvfremmente phis o Sopeeo(og hy), ecotogical eco numics, elcaoeicac humaniie, exoSe) ecooet inous oaa ecolog) earth Sustemd engineein and manaqe ménd eA, co logi coue onerqettcg Is 4be qpanai4atve Stuely b he diutw o enen X -hosbugn eto (eiCoLo Sq8tem9. O9t aims tu onrtae f e poincpte cuhich desCmbë 9uch onero Plous Ah buy deserp ronphie, orr poopensrt OnergyQTo Poy (os (% Poineipte oeolcicou eneraAU) ana Consreleredkg pincip o enerq{CS O hemadunamics }1 tanalogeuf h the impostan three ct ot CoUTse ZeroAh loud hene) 2 e 1t 2nd, 3n tay o4ertmodynomBcs b Sp¥Em ana articouble e0u(o S. Fco Saytero fcologx s o mdeseteo duoly okio4fe and abioji Compenens o coSyers 8 ter ano an eCoSyte) rocme coGOK fcosk)