Phlebotomy Medical Terminology

PHLEBOTOMY MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Week 1 Anemia a condition that causes a decrease in the amount of red blood cells in the body Anticoagulant a substance that prevents blood from clotting (diff forms: liquids, powder, coated in tube) Arteries blood vessels, carrying oxygen-rich blood away from the heart Blood Cells any of the cells found circulating through the blood Capillaries small blood vessels, connecting the arterioles with the venules CBC complete blood count Cubic Centimeter measurement equal to the volume of a cube Differential blood test that measures the amount of WBC that you have in your body Fibrinogen a protein involved in forming blood clots in the body Hematology the study of blood Hematoma tissue that is filled with blood caused by a break in the wall of a blood vessel Hemoglobin the oxygen-carrying protein of red blood cells Hemolysis rupture of red blood cells Hemophilia a rare, inherited disorder that prevents blood from climbing properly (lack of blood clotting proteins) Hemorrhage a lot of blood from a damaged blood vessel Hemostasis the stopping of the flow of blood Petechiae a small red or purple spa caused by bleeding into the skin (capillaries break/bleed) Phlebitis inflammation of a vein near the surface of the skin Plasma liquid portion of blood before clotting (water, waste, hormones, antibodies, enzymes, red/white blood cells) Platelets small, colorless cell fragments in our blood, that form clots and stop or prevent bleeding RBC red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body Serum the liquid portion of blood after clotting Veins blood vessels that carry blood to the heart from tissues and organs in the body WBC white blood cells help the body fight, infection and other diseases Notes: ____________________ Plasma → is nothing done to blood, it will clot → is now serum Lavender tubes - mix 5-10 times, NOT shake. Do full rotation Evacuated Tube Method: 1. Needle 2. Holder/hub 3. Evacuated Tube *ONE venipuncture can fill as many as 10 tubes ____________________ Needles have 2 points, one bigger than the other The bevel is the opening in a needle Shaft is the long stem Green or black cap, pink is the safety device *Never take off the green or black cap. Take off the white part Green cap - 21 gauge needle Black cap - 22 gauge needle The larger the number, the smaller the needle When collection samples, BEVEL UP! Needle and holder must be discarded as a single unit ____________________ RBC’s are VERY fragile STAT - immediately to the lab, cant delay (not the same as ASAP) Alcohol prep pad - start in the center and circle outwards (Rubbing up and down just moves bacteria around) Tourniquets decrease blood flow to make veins more prominent Tie midway between shoulder and elbow Tourniquets can not be tied for more than 1 minute ____________________ Colored Stopper Tubes with Additives (Anticoagulants) Color Additive Test Liquid Portion Lavender/Pink EDTA - Hematology - CBC - Blood bank Plasma *Light Blue (Must draw full amount) Na Citrate Coagulation PT + PTT (Prothrombin time, Partial thromboplastin time) Plasma Light Green (PST) (Plasma Separator Tube) - Lithium Heparin - Gel Separator STAT Chemistry Plasma Dark Green - Lithium Heparin or - Sodium Heparin Chemistry Plasma Gray - Na Fluoride - K oxalate Glucose Test Plasma His - Hospital Information System \ talk to Lis - Laboratory information system / eachother QNS - Quantity non sufficient NEVER prelabel a tube - #1 rule: properly identify the patient Colored Stopper Tubes With or Without Additives Color Additive Plain Red Gold Gel Separator Clot Activator Test Liquid Portion Blood bank Serum All Chemistry Serum Gel Separator - Separates blood cells from serum ____________________ Aerobic (with O2) - ALWAYS first, more bugs that like oxygen than bugs that don't Anaerobic (without O2) Can’t use regular 70% alcohol → contaminated culture Blood culture x3 - document which arm Left, right left or right, left, right ____________________ Difficult Blood Drawing Solutions Solution Burns Finger puncture Obesity Tie tourniquet on the forearm DEFAULT: finger puncture Casts and dressings Tremors Never do solo, always get assistance Unconscious/unresponsive Go to the nurse station and check what’s up If unresponsive fr, get assistance. Verbally communicate as if they were responsive Children Infants (0-1): gentle touch, soft tone of voice Toddlers (1-3): try to lessen fear, boast self esteem, positive affirmations Pre-school (3-6): let them scream/cry/yell, dont wait, give stickers, DONT give candy or toy School age (6-12): Teens (12-18): can be childish or mature Small, fragile, superficial veins Butterfly needle, 22 gauge needle Rolling veins Psychiatric Ward Important Rules: 1. NEVER do ankle or leg vein unless written doctor's order 2. NEVER go into an arm blindly 3. NEVER tell a patient it will not hurt 4. All veins MUST be anchored Do not attempt to calm down without help