University:
California State University, Los Angeles
Course:
BIOL 1010 | General Biology
Academic year:

2024
Views:

275

Pages:

2
Author:

Zea H.

BIOLOGY NOTES & CHEAT SHEET Microbiology Botany Summary: Summary: Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. It plays a vital role in understanding diseases, biotechnology, and environmental processes. Key concepts in microbiology include microbial classification, pathogenesis, antibiotics, and microbial biotechnology. Botany is the study of plants, including their structure, growth, reproduction, and classification. It is crucial for understanding plant diversity, ecology, and their role in ecosystems. Key concepts in botany include plant anatomy, photosynthesis, plant hormones, and plant taxonomy. Key Points: Key Points: Microbes are diverse and can be classified into various groups based on their characteristics. Some microbes are beneficial, such as those involved in food fermentation and bioremediation. Pathogenic microbes can cause infectious diseases, and the study of their mechanisms is essential for medicine. Antibiotics are drugs used to treat bacterial infections, but antibiotic resistance is a growing concern. Microbial biotechnology applies microorganisms in various industries, including medicine, agriculture, and energy production. Plants are multicellular organisms with specialized structures for photosynthesis, such as leaves and chloroplasts. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose) using carbon dioxide and water. Plant hormones regulate growth, development, and responses to environmental cues. Plant taxonomy categorizes plants into hierarchical groups based on their characteristics. Botany has applications in agriculture, horticulture, conservation, and pharmacology. Zoology Immunology Summary: Summary: Zoology is the study of animals, encompassing their anatomy, behavior, evolution, and classification. Understanding zoology is essential for conserving biodiversity and studying animal adaptations. Key concepts in zoology include animal physiology, ethology (animal behavior), and comparative anatomy. Immunology is the study of the immune system, which defends the body against pathogens and diseases. It is essential for understanding how the body fights infections and the development of vaccines. Key concepts in immunology include the immune response, antibodies, antigens, and autoimmune diseases. Key Points: Key Points: Animals are multicellular organisms with diverse structures and functions. The immune system consists of cells, tissues, and molecules that work together to protect the body. Animal physiology examines how animals' bodies function, including digestion, respiration, and circulation. Ethology explores animal behavior, including mating, communication, and social interactions. Comparative anatomy compares the anatomical structures of different animal species. Zoology contributes to wildlife conservation, veterinary medicine, and the study of animal adaptations. The immune response involves recognizing and targeting foreign invaders (antigens) while sparing the body's own cells. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize pathogens. Vaccination stimulates the immune system to build immunity against specific diseases. Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly targets the body's own tissues.