University:
California State University, Los Angeles
Course:
BIOL 1010 | General Biology
Academic year:

2024
Views:

469

Pages:

2
Author:

Zea H.

BIOLOGY NOTES & CHEAT SHEET Comparative Genomics Summary: Comparative genomics involves comparing the genomes of different species to understand their genetic similarities and differences. It aids in tracing evolutionary relationships, identifying conserved genes, and studying genetic adaptations. Key Points:    Key Points:    Comparative genomics helps reveal evolutionary patterns by analyzing shared genes and genetic changes over time. Conserved genes are those that have remained relatively unchanged throughout evolution and often have essential functions. Comparative genomics can provide insights into disease susceptibility, genetic diversity, and the evolution of traits. Neurotransmission Summary: Neurotransmission is the process by which neurons communicate with each other and with other cells. It involves the release and reception of neurotransmitters and plays a critical role in brain function and behavior. Neurons transmit information through electrical signals known as action potentials. Synapses are specialized junctions between neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals. Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the receiving neuron, leading to changes in membrane potential and signal transmission. Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-Devo) Summary: Evolutionary developmental biology, or Evo-Devo, explores how changes in development and gene regulation contribute to the evolution of species. It examines the role of genes in shaping body plans and morphological diversity. Key Points:    Evo-Devo investigates how changes in the timing, sequence, and regulation of genes during development can lead to evolutionary adaptations. Evolutionary innovations often arise from modifications in existing genetic pathways. Studying the embryonic development of different species helps reveal evolutionary relationships and the origins of novel traits. understand the interplay genes and behavior. between Biophysics Summary: Biophysics combines principles from physics and biology to understand the physical processes underlying biological phenomena. It addresses topics such as membrane transport, protein folding, and biomechanics. Key Points:   Key Points:    Biophysics investigates the forces, energies, and physical properties that govern biological systems. Protein folding is the process by which a linear polypeptide chain adopts a specific threedimensional structure, essential for its function. Biomechanics studies the mechanical properties of biological tissues and their role in movement, such as muscle contraction and bone strength. Behavioral Genetics Summary: Behavioral genetics explores the genetic basis of behavior, including how genes influence traits such as intelligence, personality, and susceptibility to mental disorders. It combines genetics and psychology to  Behavioral genetics researches the heritability of behavioral traits and uses twin studies and family studies to estimate genetic contributions. It also considers environmental factors and gene-environment interactions in shaping behavior. Understanding the genetic basis of behavior has implications for personalized medicine and psychology.