University:
California State University, Los Angeles
Course:
BIOL 1010 | General Biology
Academic year:

2024
Views:

292

Pages:

2
Author:

Zea H.

BIOLOGY NOTES & CHEAT SHEET include viral structure, replication, host interactions, vaccines, and antiviral therapies. Neurobiology Key Points: Summary: Neurobiology is the study of the nervous system, including the brain and neurons. It explores how the brain processes information, controls behavior, and regulates bodily functions. Key concepts include the structure and function of neurons, neural networks, neurotransmitters, and brain disorders.     Key Points:     Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical signals in the nervous system. Neural networks are interconnected groups of neurons that process information and control specific functions. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons. Brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, involve abnormalities in neural function and structure. Viruses consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat and lack cellular structures. Viral replication involves the hijacking of host cells to reproduce and spread. Vaccines are designed to stimulate the immune system to build immunity against specific viruses. Antiviral therapies target various stages of the viral life cycle to inhibit viral replication. Immunotherapy Summary: Immunotherapy is a cutting-edge medical approach that harnesses the body's immune system to treat diseases, particularly cancer. Key concepts include immune checkpoints, monoclonal antibodies, CAR-T cell therapy, and cancer immunotherapy. Key Points:  Virology Summary:  Virology is the study of viruses, which are microscopic infectious agents that can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants. Key concepts  Immune checkpoints are molecules that regulate the immune system's response to prevent overactivity. Monoclonal antibodies are engineered antibodies that target specific proteins on cancer cells or pathogens. CAR-T cell therapy involves genetically modifying a patient's  own T cells to target and destroy cancer cells. Cancer immunotherapy aims to enhance the immune system's ability to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. Plant Physiology Summary: Plant physiology explores how plants function and respond to environmental factors. It includes topics like photosynthesis, transpiration, plant hormones, and adaptations to different ecosystems. Paleontology is the study of ancient life through the examination of fossils. It provides insights into the history of life on Earth, including the evolution of species and ecosystems. Key Points:    Key Points:     Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy and produce oxygen. Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from plant leaves, essential for nutrient uptake and cooling. Plant hormones regulate growth, flowering, and responses to environmental stimuli. Plants have various adaptations, such as succulence in deserts and nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in some ecosystems. Paleontology Summary: Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms. Paleontologists use fossils to reconstruct past environments, study extinct species, and understand evolutionary processes. The fossil record provides evidence of Earth's geological history and the emergence of complex life forms.