Climate Classification Material

CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION 1. Climate of the Sun Is the climate based on the amount of sunlight received the earth's surface, which of course is different depending on the location of the line latitude of an area. The distribution consists of:  Tropical Regions (0° LU/LS – 23.5° LS)  Sub-tropical area (23.5° LU/LS - 40° LU/LS)  Moderate area (40° LU/LS – 66.5° LU/LS)  Cold Region (66.5° LU/LS – 90° LU/LS) 2. Schmidt–Ferguson climate Divided by average rainfall which is symbolized by the letters A – H. The average value of rainfall (Q) is obtained using the formula: The average number of dry months divided by the average number of wet months multiplied by 100%. 3. Junghuhn climate Based on the height of the area and the types of plants that can grow well, JUNGHUHN divides the climatic regions into 4 groups:  Hot/tropical areas Altitude: 0 – 600 masl Temperature : 26.3° – 22° C Plants: rice, corn, coffee, tobacco, sugar cane, rubber, coconut, cocoa  Moderate area Altitude: 600 – 1500 masl Temperature : 22° – 17.1° C Plants: Rice, tobacco, tea, coffee, cocoa, quinine, vegetables  Cool area Altitude: 1500 – 2500 masl Temperature : 17.1° – 6.2° C Plants: Coffee, tea, quinine, vegetables  Cold Regions Altitude: more than 2500 meters above sea level Temperature : 11.1° – 6.62° C Plants: no cultivated plants, suitable plants are MOSS (tundra) 4. Koppen climate Based on temperature and humidity, Koppen divides the climate into 5 regions main namely:  Climate A (tropical rainy climate) The temperature of the coldest month is not less than 18° C High annual rainfall (more than 70 mm/ year) Diverse / heterogeneous plants  Climate B (dry desert climate) Found in desert or semiarid/steppe areas The lowest rainfall is 25.5 mm/ year Big evaporation  Climate C (moderate climate) Coldest month temperature -18° C to -3° C, the hottest month is over 10° C  Climate D (snow climate and microthermal) The average temperature of the hottest month is over 10° C while the average temperature is the coldest month less than 10° C.  Climate E (tundra) Found in the Arctic and Americas The temperature never gets over 10° C. It doesn't have a true summer hot (0 – 100 C for the Tundra area and less than 100 C for the eternal snow area). 5. Oldeman's climate (anti-climate zone) Divides the climate into 5 sub-divisions based on average rainfall for determine the type of plant, pattern, and period of planting in each type of climate. The distribution:  Climate A, if more than 9 consecutive wet months  Climate B, if more than 7 – 9 consecutive wet  C climate, if there are 5-6 consecutive wet months  Climate D, if there are less than 3 – 4 consecutive wet months  Climate E, if there are less than 3 consecutive wet months INFORMATION;  Wet months when rainfall is more than 200 mm  The month is humid when the rainfall is 100-200 mm  Dry months when rainfall is less than 100 mm 6. Physical Climate Climate whose classification is based on its physical condition/region (condition landscape) There are 3 factors that affect the climatic conditions of a region, namely:  Water  Wind  Topography The presence of water makes the physical climate into 2 namely CONTINENTAL / land and MARITIME / SEA The wind also affects the climatic conditions of a region, the monsoon winds will cause a monsoon climate, trade winds will cause El Nino and la nina, while FOHN winds will cause local warming in mountain areas. Topographical conditions separate the physical climate into 2, namely lowland climate and highland climate Types of physical climate:  Continental climate Is a climate whose territory is more influenced by land effects compared to the Ocean. Features: 1) Large daily temperature amplitude (the nature of the land that easily absorbs and emit heat). 2) Less rainfall (low evaporation, far from sea). 3) However, this does not apply to the interior of Brazil and Kalimantan because of the two the area because it has tropical rain forest. both regions has its own microclimate because there is a large amount of transpiration which comes from the tropical rain forest. 4) In a 4-season area, the annual temperature amplitude is high.  Ocean/Maritime/Sea climate Found on the edge of continents and islands. The characteristics of this climate are: - Low daily temperature amplitude - In the 4 season area the annual temperature amplitude is low - There are lots of clouds - It often rains  Highland/mountain/mountain climate Occurs in the highlands / mountains such as: Tibet, Peg. Alps, Bolivia, Peru Characteristics of this climate: - The air is generally drier and cooler than the lowlands - There is a rain shadow zone due to the Fohn effect - Sometimes it snows if it has passed a certain height  Monsoon climate There are in areas that are affected by the effects of Monsoon winds, such as: Southeast Asia, Australia, India and the east coast of Africa Characteristics: - Half a year the wind blows which causes rain - Half a year the wind that causes drought It rains because the wind passes over the sea and the dry because the wind passes over the land vast, mountainous and desert.