Ecological Material Academic Notes

ECOLOGY Ecosystem Types A. Water Ecosystem (Aquatic) 1. Freshwater Ecosystems, namely ecosystems that form on the surface of the land. Has fresh water conditions (slight concentration of mineral salts). Covers lakes, rivers, swamps, etc. There are 2 kinds of freshwater ecosystems, namely: Water Ecosystem Lentic Bargain and Lotik Freshwater Ecosystem.  Lentic freshwater ecosystems. Characteristics: The water is not flowing  Lontik freshwater ecosystem. Characteristics: Has flowing water 2. Marine Ecosystems, including littoral zones (seaside areas), shallow sea zones, and zones pelagic. 1) Lirotal Zone, its characteristics:  Located by the sea (beach)  Provides space for most fish and shrimp, for crabs raise their children  Usually surrounded by land that forms mangrove forests 2) Shallow Sea Zone, its characteristics:  Formed by skeletal colonies of coelenterata animals  Serves as a fish breeding area  Ecosystems that are easily damaged by pollution, contamination, etc. 3) Pelagic Zone, its characteristics:  It is an open sea area  Consists of 2 different depth regions, namely the photic zone and the photic zone aphotic B. Terrestrial Ecosystem Has forms that vary depending on the climate position geography. 1. Tropical Rain Forest, characteristics:  Generally located on the equator  It is an ecosystem with high diversity  High rainfall (200-450 cm per year)  Get sunlight all year round 2. Savanna, characteristics:  Dry, located in tropical and sub-tropical regions  Dominated by broad grasslands and interspersed with shrubs and scattered trees  The dominating animals are insects, herbivores and carnivores 3. Desert, characteristics:  The desert is a very dry biome  Very low rainfall (less than 25 cm per year)  The dominant plants are shrubs, succulent plants and grasses  Located in the hemisphere with a latitude of 20 -30 degrees LU and LS 4. Grassland / Steppe, characteristics:  Dominated by grassy vegetation on a wide scale  Rainfall under the savanna, which is 25-75 cm per year  Dominated by herbivorous animals 5. Taiga, characteristics:  Dominated by conifers  Located in sub-tropical or mountainous areas  It has long winters, short summers  Animals that live include deer, wolves, etc. 6. Tundra, its features.  Have very long (extreme) winters  Covers areas that are located close to the north pole  No trees were found, dominated by mosses, grasses, and shrubs. Answer the questions below briefly, clearly and precisely! 1. Based on the picture on the PPT that you observed, what is the difference between marine ecosystems in the littoral zone, shallow sea zone and pelagic zone? (minimum 3 difference)!  Littoral zone - Located in ocean surface - Exposed to light sun - There are fish, prawns, and crabs  Shallow Sea Zone - Located about 200 meters from sea level - Sunlight is still can penetrate the bottom - There are algae fish and Coral reefs  Pelagic Zone - Being far from the sea floor - Photic: gets light and Aphotic: no light - There are sea fish in 2. Indonesia is in which ecosystem? State your reasons!  Indonesia is in a tropical rain forest ecosystem. The reason, because Indonesia crossed by the equator which makes Indonesia one of the countries the lush tropical rain forest. In addition, not only the flora, but also the fauna there are also various in Indonesia. The proof is that many eco-private companies have been made vacation destination.  Indonesia is in the savanna forest ecosystem. The reason, because of the savanna forest located in an area with a tropical climate. In Indonesia, savanna forests are found in Nusa Tenggara and Papua.  Indonesia is in a marine ecosystem (including littoral zone, shallow sea zone, and pelagic zone), especially near the coast. The reason, some examples of ecosystems sea in Indonesia, such as; coral reefs, fish, crabs, and plankton many more