University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
CHEM 100 | Principles of Chemistry
Academic year:

2023
Views:

478

Pages:

1
Author:

Janice G.

Enzymes  Defenition Enzymes is biocatalyst which means enzyme increase the speed of chemical reaction. Its produced by living organism in protoplasm that consist of protein or compounds that bind to proteins. An enzyme works specifically on a particular substrate and this is what characterizes the enzyme. Enzymes are synthesized in the form of inactive enzyme candidates, then activated in the environment under the right conditions. For example, trypsinogen, which is synthesized in the pancreas, is activated by breaking down one of its peptides to form the active enzyme trypsin. This inactive form of enzyme is called zymogen. The presence of enzymes in cells is as catalysts for all reactions. The properties of enzymes as catalysts, namely:  Enzymes only change the speed of reactions. This means that the enzyme does not change the final product formed or affect the balance of the reaction, it only increases the rate of a reaction.  Effective, reaction speed is higher by a factor of times.  Exactly, enzyme work has good regulatory capacity.  Specific, the substrate and product produced are specific and without reactions or side products. Enzymes work specifically, meaning that enzymes only affect certain substrates.  Enzymes are proteins. Therefore, enzymes have properties like proteins. Among other things, working at optimum temperature, generally at room temperature. Enzymes will lose their activity because the pH is too acidic or strong base, and organic solvents. In addition, heat that is too high will denature the enzyme so that it cannot function as it should.  Enzymes are required in small quantities. In accordance with its function as a catalyst, enzymes are needed in small quantities.  Enzymes work back and forth. Reactions controlled by enzymes can be reversed, meaning that the enzyme does not determine the direction of the reaction but only accelerates the reaction rate so that balance is achieved. Enzymes can break down a compound into other compounds.  Enzymes Nomenclature The International Enzyme Commission (EC) has established a system of nomenclature for enzymes that is the same as the concept of the IUPAC system for nominating organic compounds which gives enzyme names and numbers according to the reactions they catalyze. Examples of systemic enzyme names; EC urea amidohydrolase for the enzyme that catalyzes urea hydrolysis. In general, the name of each enzyme is adjusted to the name of its substrate by adding "ase" after it. Substrates are compounds that react with the help of enzymes, for example the enzyme that breaks down urea (substrate) is called urease. Enzyme naming is generally based on several things as follows: 1. Catalyzed substrate, (urease, lipase, arginase). 2. Type of reaction catalyzed, (decarboxylase, hydrase, esterase). 3. Numbering according to the provisions of the "International Enzyme Commission". EC.abcd = Enzyme Comission (a) group name (b) sub-group name (c) sub-sub group (d) order of discovery for the same type of enzyme.

Understanding Enzymes: Catalysts in Biochemical Reactions

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