Substituent Effects in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions | California State University, Northridge - Edubirdie

University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
CHEM 334/L | Organic Chemistry II and Lab
Academic year:

2024
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198

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1
Author:

Carmen Vargas

Chemistry 334 Substituent Effects in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions substituent name activating and ortho-, para-directing NH2, NHR, or NR2 OH OR NHCOCH3 R Ar amino hydroxyl (phenolic) alkoxyl acetamido alkyl aryl benzene itself (the reference standard) H deactivating and ortho-, para-directing F Cl Br I fluoro chloro bromo iodo deactivating and meta-directing CHO COOR COOH COR SO3H C≡N aldehyde ester carboxylic acid ketone sulfonic acid nitrile NO2 +NR3 nitro ammonium Notes: 1. An O (in contrast to an O) denotes a carbonyl oxygen. 2. Substituents that are ranked higher in the list are more activating. Conversely, substituents that are ranked lower in the list are more deactivating.

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