Answer Key for Latin. An Intensive Course Part 9

Unit 16 Drill 1. 2. a. Reading is good. b. Love of reading is good. c. You were in command of reading. d. Through reading we understood much. a. We went to Rome to see Caesar. b. We went to Rome for the sake of seeing Caesar (to see Caesar). 3. a. The impious stirred up the people for the sake of fighting (to fight). b. The impious stirred up the people for the sake of fighting (to fight). 4. a. All have to suffer. b. For all it is necessary to suffer (all have to suffer). c. It is necessary that all should duffer (all have to suffer). 5. a. It is of interest to the king to rule the kingdom. b. It is of interest to the king that he should rule the kingdom/ to rule the kingdom. c. It is of interest to me to obey the king. 6. a. It was of interest to the consul that the wicked should perish. b. It was of interest to the consul that the wicked should perish. c. It was of interest to me that the wicked should perish. 7. It was of concern to both me and the city what you were doing. 8. Is there any danger in running through the streets of the city? 9. The joys of teaching are great. 10. Cicero was famous in the mastery/ skill of speaking (in rhetoric) 11. a. The young men were keen to see beautiful young girls. b. The young men took delight in (from) seeing beautiful girls. 12. 13. The interest of having more (possessions) occupies the hearts of many. a. We were in Rome to procure great riches. b. To procure great riches is difficult. 14. We left our fatherland in order to live without enmity. 15. We are unhappy because of waiting for a very long time. 16. By spending time at home, you (pl) pleased your parents; you spent time at home for the sake of pleasing your parents. Preliminary Exercises 1. To leave this land quickly is a great joy. 2. I have a great fear of leaving this country. 3. We put him in charge of establishing a constitution. 4. I hate to lose my possessions 5. We must spend our lives always learning. 6. Keen to see a friend, I went to Rome. 7. I have a great fear to break the laws. 8. We are fond of learning new words. 9. We are not fond of breaking the law. 10. We must spend life learning new things. 11. I left this land to make much money (for the sake of making much money). 12. I left this land for the sake of establishing a new kingdom. 13. They established a new kingdom for the sake of living happily. 14. We learned much to live a good life. 15. This writer learned many things to write well. Exercises. 1. He was so keen to read books that he removed all from the landhouse of the famous leader. 2. He came to Rome to seek help from the soldiers of the king. 3. By running everyday I keep my body healthy. I have never slipped/ let go of this way of life. 4. The poet took money for singing/reciting poetry. 5. The strong citizens began to attack the state for the sake of overcoming the enemy. 6. a. I always had to understand those things which had been said by the leader. b. 7. It was always necessary that I should understand what had been said by the leader. All ought to lead life as well as possible. For time goes by very fast. Unless we have done / we do something good, we shall live in vain. 8. The king must die so that freedom be established in this state. 9. In times of peace it is allowed that the fortified gates of the ancient city be opened. 10. If men are allowed to break the law, why do we have to obey the commands of the consul? 11. The honest and dutiful guardian repented the small crime so much that he offered many gifts to the altars of the immortal gods. 12. 13. I do not know why you feel pity for the serious pain of all men of weak body. The good and upright feel boredom and disgust with the wicked men who want to break the laws which had been established by the king. 14. Whose concern is it to establish useful laws for the sake of preserving the well-being of all peoples? 15. We are interested to learn wisdom by reading the books of a wise writer. 16. Nor was it allowed to any of us to use that law (of yours). 17. By ruling badly the greatest power is lost. 18. A letter was being sent to me about the establishment of new states. 19. Although he was keen to rule well, he lacked love of the people. 20. For the sake of seeking peace the leader had to promise that he would harm no one after the war. 21. S/he asked whether this is a crime for which one should have repented 22. Wars must be fought so that one can live without harm in peace. With the enemies overcome, with peace achieved, it is no concern of the people that so many very brave men are dead because they died for the fatherland and for everybody’s freedom. 23. I am sorry for not supporting well the cause of the state; but my greatest concern was to live safely. 24. I feel shame and disgust for myself. 25. Our mother, we would feel pity for you if you were not so keen to ruin your husband! 26. a. In order to preserve peace the citizens made a treaty with the enemy. b. In order to preserve peace the citizens made a treaty with the enemy. c. In order to preserve peace the citizens made a treaty with the enemy. 27. a. In order to finish the work better, the wife provided help. b. In order to finish the work better, the wife provided help. c. In order to finish the work better, the wife provided help. 28. By waging war, countries became stronger. 29. By ruling well, a leader gains the love of his companions. 30. Let us follow nature, the best guide to a happy/good life! 31. This really seems to be a concern of that leader of yours 32. Nor does it matter to anyone whether the king is keen to show (off) his power or not. The citizens favours him, and are not concerned how he uses his power, as long as he does not harm them. 33. And if someone is such a man as everyone ought to be, who becomes angry because I did not rather kill those enemies, hostile to the state, than (simply) throw them out of the city, well, that is not my mistake/ I am not to blame, but the circumstances. 34. 35. It is necessary that there should be people present who are ready for either war or peace. Because of adverse winds, the sailors could not approach the island. The ships were being carried by the adverse flow/current. Those who stood closest to the shore could (still) bring no assistance. 36. Happy is he who could freely understand the causes of things (i.e. nature) by reading many books and by learning much. (cp Vergil Georgics 2.490: felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas) 37. One will have to believe the old ones/ ancestors, if we shall be keen to live well/happily. The best examples are in front of our eyes. It is (only) necessary to look at them / one must only look at them. 38. Which suitable gifts did you give to the ones who were leaving? 39. The leader spared neither his companions nor strangers. No one in all the cities of the province was safe. 40. A good man also considers the reason for giving. 41. S/he answered that one needed time to take a decision. 42. If there are gods and they do not foretell man what the future will be, then they either do not like man, or they do not know what will be. Or they think it does not at all matter to man to know what the future will be. Or they reckon it does not bring them glory (is not for their glory) to foretell man what the future will be. Or not even the gods themselves can foretell it (them – the future things). But neither do the gods not love us (for they are the most obvious and good friends of man), nor do they not know those things which have been established by themselves, nor is it of no matter to us to know what the future will be. (for we shall be happier and safer, more certain about that which will happen, if we shall know), nor do they consider it alien to their glory (for nothing is more famous and better than a kind service), nor are they unable to know the future in advance. Therefore there are no gods and they do not show us the future. But there are gods / gods exist, therefore they communicate with us who must be warned about the future things; and when they communicate about the future, they do not give us no ways (i.e. they do give…) to understand their signs (for they would (otherwise) communicate in vain), nor, if they give us such ways, is there no divination – therefore there is/ must be divination. 43. What is there in the nature of man that lasts long? For take the longest time (for man), let us expect a long life – but to me anything that has an end does not even seem long. For when it comes, that which has gone before escaped. Only that remains which you have achieved with your virtue and your good deeds. The hours and months and years flee, and the past time never returns, and what follows cannot be known. What time is given to each for living, with that he has to be contented. II. 1. 2. reginam tam puduit ardentis amoris ducis pulchri ut eum ex civitate expelleret/expulerit. ad cives terrendos/ civium terrendorum causa legatus copiis imperavit ut provinciam oppugnarent et delerent. 3. ars carminis scribendi est tam difficilis ut paucissimi sint cupidi discendi quomodo facere oporteat. 4. taedis in portas urbis portatis rex potuit monstrare alta moenia hospitibus provinciae qui venerant ad artem muiendi discendam. 5. discere leges aliorum me taedet. ne nostras quidem ut legam mihi otium est. III. A. Never shall I desire and ask from the immortal gods, fellow citizens, for the sake of diminishing the jealousy against me, that you should hear and be told that Catiline is leading an army of the enemy and is hastening about in arms – but in a space of three days, you’ll hear it anyway. B. And indeed, if I think it over in my mind, I find four reasons why old age seems wretched: one, because it calls (one) away from business (things to be done); two, because it makes the body infirm; three because it deprives (one) of almost all pleasures; four, because it is not far away from death. Of these reasons, if it pleasing, let us consider each singly, how strong and how fair it is. C. The books of Xenophon are useful for many things, which you should read, I beg you, carefully, as you do. How abundantly farming is praised by him in this book which is about the protection of the family possessions, which is entitled “Oeconomicus”. D. That is no friendship at all, when the one does no want to hear the truth and the other is ready to lie. E. You have false teeth and a wig, both bought – nor is there shame in it for you. What will you do about the eye, Laelia? It cannot be bought. F. I am glad to learn from those who come from a visit to your house that you live in a friendly way with your slaves. This befits your discretion, your erudition. “They are slaves.” No, but men. “They are slaves.” No, but comrades. “They are slaves.” No, but lowly friends. “They are slaves.” No, but fellow slaves, if you think about it that fortune has the same power over both. Therefore I laugh about those who think it is disgraceful to eat with one’s slave. Why (do they think so), if not because a most haughty custom has surrounded the master when he is dining with a crowd of slaves standing up? That one eats more than he can take, and in enormous greed loads his stomach, which is distended and already grown unaccustomed to the (normal) tasks of a belly, so that he brings up everything with greater effort than he needs for eating. But for the unhappy slaves it is not even allowed to move their lips for this one thing, to speak. All murmur is restrained by the rod, and not even the accidental noises are excepted from the lashes: coughs, sneezes, sobbings. The silence interrupted by any noise at all is atoned for by great suffering. Fot the whole night they stand sober and mute. So it happens that they talk about their master, who are not allowed to speak in his presence. But those who not only talk in the presence of their masters, but also with them, whose mouth has not been stitched together, they were ready to offer their neck for their master, to turn the present/threatening danger away from him onto their own heads. They spoke at parties, but kept silent under torture. There is a proverb being tossed about, indicative of the same kind of arrogance: there are as many enemies as one has slaves. We do not have them, but make them our enemies. Unit 17 Drill 1. We are afraid that the lightning may destroy the house. 2. The feared that the enemy might attack the city. 3. We feared that the young men might not obey the new laws. 4. You (pl) feared that the old ones (veterans) might not be useful in the new province. 5. I hesitated to tell you about this. 6. Who is there who may doubt that you are by far the best teacher? 7. We wondered/doubted whether the old men would come at first light. 8. You (pl) doubt whether we are learning much. 9. We do not doubt that we learn much. 10. They went to Rome to see Caesar. 11. The pain was hard to bear. 12. The book was easy to read. 13. There is no doubt that the book is easy to read. 14. a. The citizens fear that the city is not fortified as well as possible. b. Therefore they will send a legate to the consul to ask for help. c. It is doubtful whether he will answer them kindly. 15. I forbid you (sg) to do that thing (of yours). 16. a. I shall prevent you from doing that thing. b. I shall prevent you from doing that thing. c. I shall not prevent you from doing that thing. d. Surely I shall not be preventing you from doing that thing? 17. Your father and mother are coming. a. timeo ut tuus pater materque veniant I fear that they may not come b. timeo ne tuus pater materque veniant I fear that they may come c. veto tuum patrem matreque venire I forbid them to come d. deterreo ne/ quominus tuus pater materque veniant I prevent them from coming. e. non deterreo quin/ quominus tuus pater materque veniant I don’t prevent them from coming. 18. The sister gives her brother a gift. a. timeo ut soror fratri donum det I fear that the sister may not give her brother a gift. b. timeo ne soror fratri donum detI fear that the sister may give her brother a gift. c. veto sororem fratri donum dareI forbid the sister to give her brother a gift. d. deterreo ne/ quominus soror fratri donum det I prevent the sister from giving her brother a gift. e. non deterreo quin/ quominus soror fratri donum det I do not prevent the sister from giving her brother a gift. Preliminary Exercises 1. I fear that we may not be about to go hunting together. 2. Were you (sg) afraid that you might have been/ had been left behind at that time? 3. We are afraid that the young may not defend our city with speed. 4. Are you (sg) afraid that the shameful deeds of the allies may not be hidden? 5. I fear that the rest may not make it to the city. 6. I doubt whether respect will be beneficial for us. 7. Are you (sg) in doubt whether we are noticing these things? 8. There is no doubt that I am greatly afraid. 9. They did never doubt that they saw the rising of the sun. 10. S/he never stopped doubting whether you (sg) were coming to the altar. 11. Who doubts that the sun rises? 12. They doubted whether the enemy had invaded the fatherland. Exercises I. 1. I fear that in victory he may/will not spare your men. 2. This alone I feared that I do something shameful, or should I say, that I had already done so. 3. There is no doubt that the wife did not want the son. 4. One ought not to/ must not doubt that there were (indeed – force of the perfect subjunctive poets before Homer). 5. Death does not hold a wise man back helping the state. 6. Age does not hinder a wise man from desiring a good life. 7. A man of the greatest authority and integrity is present who can prevent us from saying more. 8. You (sg) just don’t hinder me from taking it if s/he gives me something. 9. Stop (pl) wondering/doubting whether it is useful. 10. They doubt whether it is an honest things to do. 11. The women come to watch and to be watched themselves. 12. I am afraid what at last will be. 13. It is difficult for me to report to you everything about which I have a doubt. 14. For I think it must not be doubted that water must be led into that city. 15. Someone is needed as soon as possible to lead water to the city with speed. 16. Truly I hope that you (sg) will perform this task with the diligence you owe to it. 17. Aeneas and most wretched Dido prepare to go together to the woods for hunting, when tomorrow’s sun will have brought out the first risings and will have revealed the earth to is rays. 18. The wise men of old wanted to know the risings, settings and movements of the sun, the moon, and the other constellations / heavenly bodies. 19. You (sg) will see for your wisdom what it is best to do. All have noticed much earlier that you are smarter than those who rule this city/ state. 20. All enemies turned to flight, and did not stop fleeing before they came to the river. 21. S/he sends her/his legate to him to ask that he should spare herself/himself and the soldiers. 22. a. We forbid you (pl) to defend the deserted city. b. There is doubt whether he will defend the deserted city. 23. With the sun risen, no one was there who doubted that our troops would be victorious completely on that day. 24. As they had committed such great crimes, all impious men feared that the sun might not rise on that horrible day. 25. But there was no danger that he would think death should not be desired. 26. Surely there is no danger that someone may think this shameful? 27. He was afraid that he might not be able to hunt. 28. There was a fear that some war might arise/ break out. 29. For do you see that the things which are doubtful are believed to be certain? II. 1. is erat talis/tantae religionis ut prohiberet duces ne scelera committerent. 2. a. timemus ne scelera huius domus recturus sit. b. timemus ne scelera huius domus retexisset. c. timemus ne scelera huius domus retegat. 3. honesti dubitaverunt num vita/aetas eius bene acta esset. 4. honesti non dubitaveruntquin aetas bene acta esset. 5. desnie venari. te veto plura animalia interficere. III. Caesar, Gallic War vi.11 Since this point in the narrative has been reached (impersonal passive in Latin; there has been a coming to this point), it does not seem out of place to report about the customs of Gaul and Germany and how these nations differ from each other. In Gaul there are factions not only in all cities and in all districts and parts, but nearly also in the single houses, and the leaders of these factions are those who are considered to have the highest authority in/according to their (the Gauls) judgement, (and) to whose decision and judgement the main point of all matters and plans is referred. And this seemed to be established of old for the sake of this, lest someone from the common people be without help against a more powerful man. For everyone will not suffer to have his men/followers oppressed and surrounded and, should he act otherwise, he may/might well have no authority among his men. This is the same principle generally in all of Gaul, for all nations are divided into two parties. vi. 12 At the time when Caesar came to Gaul, the leaders of the one faction were the Haedui, of the other the Sequni. The latter ones, as they were less powerful by themselves because since long ago the main power had been with the Haedui and because their (the Haedui) dependencies were great, the latter ones (Sequani) joined the Germani and Ariovistus to themselves and won them over to their own side at great expense/ with great bribes and promises. But after several successful battles and after all the nobility of the Haedui had been killed, they (the Sequani) excelled so much in power that they won over a large part of the dependents of the Haedui, took as hostages from them the sons of the leaders, forced them to swear publicly that they would enter no plots against the Sequani, took possession of the part of the neighbouring land which had been occupied by force, and obtained the leadership of the whole of Gaul. Influenced by this situation of need (i.e. because of this), Diviciacus, having gone to Rome to the senate to ask for help, had returned without anything achieved. When, with the arrival of Caesar, the situation had been changed, the hostages had been returned to the Haedui, the old dependencies had been restored, new ones had been procured by Caesar, because those who had joined their friendship saw that they used/enjoyed better terms and a fairer rule after in the remaining aspects their (Haedui) popularity and standing had been made bigger – the Sequani had given up the leadership. In their place the Remi advanced. Because it was understood that they (Remi) looked after them carefully, and so they held onto their power which was both new and suddenly acquired. Nevertheless, the matter was in such a condition / the situation was such that the Haedui were considered to be the leaders by a great margin, the Remi held second place in dignity. MF Unit 18 Unit 18 Drill 1. Many people value their family for little. 2. We daily study much to learn many things. 3. He said that the general would not be feared by the soldiers. 4. The whole people hopes that the enemy will be conquered. 5. Mindful of the danger, they entered the grove with great care. 6. Aeneas stayed behind and gleamed in the bright light and was, as to his face and his shoulders, similar to a god. (cp Vergil, Aeneid I.588/9) 7. Juno had given a sign; for in that way the race would be outstanding in war and easy as to their living through the ages. 8. The fact that the whole people fears him, much pleases the cruel general. 9. S/he hates the fact that the whole people hates him. 10. As they hurried to leave the villa of their friend, they nevertheless noticed statues bought for very much money. 11. As they had praised much the rather brave (OR braver) deeds of the general, they all said that he would not live long. 12. her body hidden in the shadows (hidden as to her body in the shadows) the cruel woman who had no faith wandered through the burning city. 13. After they had entered the house, some looked for the king, some killed others whom they had seen. They looked for hiding places. They opened closed things/doors. With noise and confusion they filled everything until the king was found. 14. There is nobody whom money, however much it may be, pleases. 15. Let us all leave the land which we inhabit in order to find freedom and a new life. Exercises. I. 1. That kind of man values friendship for little who always puts money before friendship. 2. I consider that plan to be good. 3. I bought five books for two swords. 4. After they had returned home with much money, do you remember how greatly those women have been praised by their citizens? Was money so important to them? 5. The reputation of Caesar was more important to the Roman citizens than that of other generals. They never forgot his power and his virtue. They remember him even now. 6. When I saw that I would not be able to talk to the messenger, I decided to return home as quickly as possible where I would find out what had recently happened on the field. 7. With the fear of death disregarded, the troops considered the dangers of battle for 8. That wretched man sold his virtue and honour for money. The citizens now think nothing. little of him. The fact that he acted thus disgusts men od good character in the whole world. 9. Who would/may exchange reputation for wealth? There is no one who believes 10. They believe that none of the citizens would be afraid that s/he may want to take that such a man will ever stop being wretched. more of the empire. 11. If s/he had heard the poems of that poet, s/he would have valued them highly. 12. He promised to hurry to Rome; he said that other had already hurried there. 13. Paulus buys poems; Paulus recites the poems as his. For whatever you buy you 14. Who may consider that man great whom he fears much or by whom he thinks may be able to call yours rightfully. himself to be feared? 15. You should expect from another what you have done to another. 16. Death is so welcome to me that the closer I get to it, (it is) as if I seem to see the land after a long journey by ship. 17. But if you have seen in the city some ally wounded as to his head, show him to me without delay. 18. Change now that disposition of yours, believe me, forget fear and doubt! 19. Let us live, my Lesbia, and let us love, and let us consider all talk of rather/too stern old men to be worth one penny. 20. The people fears those men, girded with swords. For the general does all terrible things through them, considers them to be his friends, values them most highly. II. 1. is quamquam pedem vulneratus erat doloris oblitus plerumque/fere fortiter 2. dixit none fore ut gladium/ferrum magno venderet, nam pace facta alios talia arma pugnavit. non magni facere/ducere (OR pace facta alii talia armo non magni faciunt). 3. quod suam salutem libertate populi sui emit me taedet. 4. volui ferrum cingi ut repellerem milites in urbem ruentes.