University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
CLAS 101L | Elementary Latin I
Academic year:

2010
Views:

488

Pages:

2
Author:

neonlichtif9

The Second (Passive) Periphrastic As a special usage, the PURPOSE of the 'passive periphrastic' is to express obligation ('ought') or necessity ('must'). FORM: The second (passive) periphrastic construction is made up of the FUTURE PASSIVE PARTICIPLE + appropriate parts of the verb SUM, ESSE (a.k.a. the gerundive) PORTANDUS SUM PORTANDI ERAMUS carried. PORTANDAE ERITIS I am to be carried. I must be carried. We were to be carried. We had to be PORTANDUS FUI PORTANDUS FUERAM PORTANDUS FUERO. I have had to be carried. I had had to be carried. I shall have had to be carried. You will have to be carried. EXAMPLES: Latin: English: NUNTIUS MITTENDUS EST A messenger is to be sent. A messenger must be sent. A messenger ought to be sent. A messenger should be sent. A messenger has to be sent. AQUA PORTANDA ERAT. Water was to be carried. Water ought to have been carried. Water should have been carried. Water had to be carried. NOTE: This periphrastic construction is an alternative to using: Latin: DEBUIT DICERE... OPORTUIT VENIRE POTUIT VIDERE... English: He ought to have said (owed it to say)... He ought to have come. He might have seen...

The Second (Passive) Periphrastic