University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
COMP 324 | Computer Networking and Security
Academic year:

2024
Views:

365

Pages:

28
Author:

alvarezriverodk6

VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS (VPN) Traditional Connectivity What is VPN?  Virtual Private Network is a type of private network that uses public telecommunication, such as the Internet, instead of leased lines to communicate.  Became popular as more employees worked in remote locations.  Terminologies to understand how VPNs work. Private Networks vs. Virtual Private Networks Employees can access the network (Intranet) from remote locations. Secured networks. The Internet is used as the backbone for VPNs Saves cost tremendously from reduction of equipment and maintenance costs. Scalability Remote Access Virtual Private Network Brief Overview of How it Works Two connections – one is made to the Internet and the second is made to the VPN. Datagrams – contains data, destination and source information. Firewalls – VPNs allow authorized users to pass through the firewalls. Protocols – protocols create the VPN tunnels. Four Critical Functions Authentication – validates that the data was sent from the sender. Access control – limiting unauthorized users from accessing the network. Confidentiality – preventing the data to be read or copied as the data is being transported. Data Integrity – ensuring that the data has not been altered Encryption Encryption -- is a method of “scrambling” data before transmitting it onto the Internet. Public Key Encryption Technique Digital signature – for authentication Tunneling A virtual point-to-point connection made through a public network. It transports encapsulated datagrams. Original Datagram Encrypted Inner Datagram Datagram Header Outer Datagram Data Area Data Encapsulation [From Comer] Two types of end points:  Remote Access  Site-to-Site Four Protocols used in VPN PPTP -- Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol L2TP -- Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol IPsec -- Internet Protocol Security SOCKS – is not used as much as the ones above VPN Encapsulation of Packets Types of Implementations What does “implementation” mean in VPNs? 3 types Intranet – Within an organization Extranet – Outside an organization Remote Access – Employee to Business Virtual Private Networks (VPN) Basic Architecture Device Types  What it means  3 types  Hardware  Firewall  Software Device Types: Hardware  Usually a VPN type of router Pros Cons • Highest network throughput • Cost • Plug and Play • Lack of flexibility • Dual-purpose Device Types: Firewall  More security? Pros Cons • “Harden” Operating System • Still relatively costly • Tri-purpose • Cost-effective Device Types: Software  Ideal for 2 end points not in same org.  Great when different firewalls implemented Pros Cons • Flexible • Lack of efficiency • Low relative cost • More labor training required • Lower productivity; higher labor costs Advantages VS. Disadvantages Advantages: Cost Savings  Eliminating the need for expensive long-distance leased lines  Reducing the long-distance telephone charges for remote access.  Transferring the support burden to the service providers  Operational costs  Cisco VPN Savings Calculator Advantages: Scalability Flexibility of growth Efficiency with broadband technology Disadvantages VPNs require an in-depth understanding of public network security issues and proper deployment of precautions Availability and performance depends on factors largely outside of their control Immature standards VPNs need to accommodate protocols other than IP and existing internal network technology Applications: Site-to-Site VPNs Large-scale encryption between multiple fixed sites such as remote offices and central offices Network traffic is sent over the branch office Internet connection This saves the company hardware and management expenses Site-to-Site VPNs Applications: Remote Access Encrypted connections between mobile or remote users and their corporate networks Remote user can make a local call to an ISP, as opposed to a long distance call to the corporate remote access server. Ideal for a telecommuter or mobile sales people. VPN allows mobile workers & telecommuters to take advantage of broadband connectivity. i.e. DSL, Cable Industries That May Use a VPN  Healthcare: enables the transferring of confidential patient information within the medical facilities & health care provider  Manufacturing: allow suppliers to view inventory & allow clients to purchase online safely  Retail: able to securely transfer sales data or customer info between stores & the headquarters  Banking/Financial: enables account information to be transferred safely within departments & branches  General Business: communication between remote employees can be securely exchanged Statistics From GartnerConsulting* Remote access for employees working out of homes 90% Remote access for employees while traveling 79% Site-to-site connectivity between offices Access to network for business partners/customers 0% Percentages 63% 50% 20% 40% 60% % of Respondents 80% 100% Some Businesses using a VPN CVS Pharmaceutical Corporation upgraded their frame relay network to an IP VPN ITW Foilmark secured remote location orders, running reports, & internet/intranet communications w/ a 168-bit encryption by switching to OpenReach VPN Bacardi & Co. Implemented a 21-country, 44location VPN Where Do We See VPNs Going in the Future? VPNs are continually being enhanced. Example: Equant NV As the VPN market becomes larger, more applications will be created along with more VPN providers and new VPN types. Networks are expected to converge to create an integrated VPN Improved protocols are expected, which will also improve VPNs.

Virtual Private Networks (VPN)

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