Principles and Measures for Prevention of Workplace Accidents

PRINCIPLES AND MEASURES FOR PREVENTION OF WORKPLACE ACCIDENTS A. PRINCIPLES OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY PREVENTION Accident prevention in relation to occupational safety and health issues must refer to and start from the concept of accident cause and effect, namely by controlling the cause and reducing the consequences of accidents. Based on the principle of accident prevention, the basic function of occupational safety and health management plays an important role in accident control efforts in accordance with the established program. Occupational accidents can be prevented by: 1) Legislation, namely mandatory provisions regarding general working conditions, planning, construction, maintenance and testing and how industrial equipment works, the duties of employers and workers, training, medical supervision and health checks. 2) Standardization, namely the establishment of official, semi-official, or unofficial standards regarding construction that meets general safety requirements, or personal protective equipment. 3) Supervision, namely supervision of compliance with mandatory statutory provisions. 4) Technical research, which includes the nature and characteristics of hazardous materials, investigations into safety fences, testing of personal protective equipment, research into the prevention of gas and dust explosions, or research into the most appropriate materials and designs for lifting mines and other lifting equipment. 5) Medical research, which includes primarily research into the physiological and pathological effects of environmental and technological factors and physical conditions that cause accidents. 6) Psychological research, namely investigations into psychological patterns that cause accidents. 7) Statistical research, to determine the types of accidents that occur, their number, who they are, in what jobs, and what the causes are. 8) Education, which concerns safety education in technical curricula, trade schools or carpentry courses. 9) Training, namely practical training for workers, especially new workers, in work safety. 10) Incitement, namely the use of various counseling methods or other approaches to create a safe attitude. 11) Insurance, namely financial incentives to increase accident prevention, for example in the form of reduced premiums paid by the company if safety measures are very good. 12) Safety efforts at the company level, which are an effective measure of work safety implementation measures. B. Work accident prevention measures Prevention of work accidents caused by equipment factors and work environment can be done by making K3 standard work procedures and technical standard work procedures. Prevention of work accidents In the description above, can be done in the following ways (Department of Public Works, 2007): a. Prevention of accidents due to transportation and traffic equipment. Arrangement of vehicle traffic, people, goods and equipment must receive regular attention and supervision. Placement of goods, materials and equipment in the building must be arranged in such a way so it does not interfere and endanger the workers and residents at the time of transportation and transfer. Terms and Requirements for Transportation and Transfer of Goods, Materials and Equipment include the following: • The tool must be in good condition and ready for use. • Data and information of the tool must be complete. • Additional equipment must exist and function properly • The procedure and how to use the tool must be correct. • Placement of tools and materials must be good and regular. • Discipline and expertise of workers must be high. • Security in transportation and traffic must be good. • The method of transporting materials/goods must be correct. • The load/charge does not exceed the capacity of the transportation. • Signs of traffic and other safety must be complete. b. Prevention of accidents due to the fall of objects. Prevention of accidents caused by falling objects and the part of the building that collapsed, among others, as follows: • Need to install a net or safety net in the bottom area. • Must be installed "Be careful, there is a job above". • It is forbidden to remove unused objects down. • Storage/laying of objects or equipment must be in place. • Installation of materials/equipment must be good and in place. • How to lift the material/equipment to the top must be correct. • Lift the material/equipment does not exceed the charge limit. • Workers must wear a protective hat/safety helmet. c. Accident due to slipping, hit, hit by sharp/ hard objects. This accident prevention is as follows: • Workinglines and footage where the foot must remain clean, quite bright and not slippery. • The way it works must be in the right position and attitude. • Workers must remain careful, thorough and disciplined. • Do not use work tools carelessly and not properly. d. Accident prevention due to falling from the height of the prevention of this accident, among others, is as follows: • Make sure the scaffolding or gondola is suitable for use and the load does not exceed capacity. • The foot must be strong, clean and layered and wide enough for the position of the worker. • Workers must use all safety and rescue equipment including safety belt, safety rope and safety helmet. e. Accidents due to electricity, fire and explosions of prevention of accidents include the following: • Electricity must be handled by expert workers. • Maintenance and repair of cables and panels must be carried out continuously. • Workers must be thorough, careful and vigilant and secure electricity before work. • Workers are prohibited from smoking while working and throwing up the slightest fire in the place of flammable materials. • Storage of flammable materials must be far from the source of fire and marked smoking. • The storage of explosive materials must be cold and tightly closed. • Security of equipment and materials that can explode must be very careful and thorough.