Test Bank for Macionis, Gerber, Sociology, Ninth Canadian Edition Part 2

62) Unrecognized and unintended consequences of a social pattern are called a. latent functions. b. manifest functions. c. eufunctions. d. dysfunctions. Answer: a 63) Which of the following is the best example of a latent function of going to college? a. providing skills needed for later jobs b. keeping young people out of the labour force, which may not have jobs for them yet c. gaining the knowledge required to be an active and thoughtful citizen d. giving young people experience living on their own Answer: b 64) Robert Merton explained that what is functional for one category of a society’s population a. is functional for everyone. b. may not be functional for another category. c. is unlikely to change over time. d. may not be functional in the future. Answer: b 65) The main characteristic of the _____ approach is its view of society as orderly and stable. a. structural-functional b. social-conflict c. social-interaction d. deviance and social control Answer: a 66) Which of the following is an accurate criticism of the structural-functional approach? a. It ignores inequality that can generate tension and conflict. b. It focuses too much on social dysfunction. c. It focuses too much on power divisions in society. d. It is a politically liberal view of society. Answer: a 67) The “framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change” is the a. structural-functional approach. b. social-conflict approach. c. symbolic-interaction approach. d. feminist approach. Answer: b 68) The social-conflict approach draws attention to a. how elements contribute to the overall operation of society. b. how people construct meaning in their interactions. c. patterns of social inequality. d. the stable aspects of society. Answer: c 69) Looking at the operation of Canadian schools, the social-conflict approach might lead a sociologist to conclude that a. the function of schools is to teach needed skills. b. the meaning of schooling varies from child to child. c. schools have been a major path to social advancement. d. tracking provides some students with far better schooling than others. Answer: d 70) Which of the following statements might be made by a sociologist using the gender-conflict approach? a. Men and women share in the joys of family life. b. Men earn more than women in the workplace. c. Gender functions in an important way to keep society operating. d. The glass ceiling is a myth. Answer: b 71) Which woman helped launch the discipline of sociology by studying the evils of slavery and also by translating the writings of Auguste Comte? a. Harriet Martineau b. Jane Addams c. Elizabeth Cady Stanton d. Dorothea Dix Answer: a 72) Which pioneering sociologist founded Chicago’s Hull House to assist immigrants and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize? a. Jane Addams b. Harriet Martineau c. W.E.B. Du Bois d. Herbert Spencer Answer: a 73) Karl Marx, speaking for the social-conflict approach, argued that the point of studying society was a. to understand how society really operates. b. to compare U.S. society to others. c. to foster support for a nation’s government. d. to bring about needed change. Answer: d 74) Which of the following early sociologists had an important influence on the development of the socialconflict approach? a. Karl Marx b. Talcott Parsons c. Emile Durkheim d. Herbert Spencer Answer: a 75) Which early sociologist received the first doctorate ever awarded by Harvard University to a person of colour? a. Jane Addams b. Harriet Martineau c. W.E.B. Du Bois d. Herbert Spencer Answer: c 76) Which early U.S. sociologist studied the Black community and served as a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)? a. Jane Addams b. Harriet Martineau c. W.E.B. Du Bois d. Herbert Spencer Answer: c 77) Which theoretical approach would highlight the fact that, on average, Aboriginal families have less income than White families? a. the race-conflict approach b. the gender-conflict approach c. the structural-functional approach d. the symbolic-interaction approach Answer: a 78) Using the social-conflict approach, a sociologist might highlight which of the following? a. the standard of fairness all students receive in the public education system b. the importance of gender roles in a well-ordered society c. racial inequality in a company’s hiring and promotion practices d. the positive function of inequality in the workplace Answer: d 79) W.E.B. Du Bois claimed that _____ was the major problem facing the United States during the twentieth century. a. class b. race c. gender d. ethnicity Answer: b 80) The social-conflict approach sometimes receives criticism for a. focusing on values that everyone shares. b. being openly political. c. promoting the status quo. d. condemning the free flow of ideas and information. Answer: b 81) The _____ approaches are macro-level, describing societies in broad terms. a. structural-functional and social-conflict b. structural-functional and symbolicinteraction c. social-conflict and symbolic-interaction d. social conflict and social control Answer: a 82) Which of the following examples illustrates a micro-level focus? a. the operation of the U.S. economy b. patterns of global terrorism c. two people on an airplane getting to know one another d. class inequality in the armed forces Answer: c 83) The basic idea of the symbolic-interaction approach is that society is a. an arena of conflict between categories of people. b. the product of people interacting in everyday situations. c. a system that operates to benefit people. d. an accident of chaos which we don’t understand. Answer: b 84) Which theoretical approach claims that it is not so much what people do that matters as much as what meaning they attach to their behaviour? a. structural-functional approach b. social-conflict approach c. symbolic-interaction approach d. social-exchange approach Answer: c 85) Who, of the following, had a wife named Marianne who was a prominent German feminist, politician, and prolific writer on social and women’s issues? a. Karl Marx b. Emile Durkheim c. Max Weber d. Erving Goffman Answer: c 86) Which of the following founding sociologists urged sociologists to understand a social setting from the point of view of the people in it? a. Karl Marx b. Emile Durkheim c. Auguste Comte d. Max Weber Answer: d 87) Which of the following statements reflects a social-exchange analysis? a. People typically seek mates who offer as much as they do. b. Class differences are reflected in favoured sports. c. People build reality as they introduce themselves. d. People who do more important work usually earn more pay. Answer: a 88) A criticism of the symbolic-interaction approach is that it a. calls attention to major social institutions. b. ignores how structural factors such as class affect people’s experiences. c. paints a very positive picture of society. d. cannot be verified by observable data. Answer: b 89) Which of the following questions is the focus of the symbolic-interaction approach? a. How is society held together? b. How is society divided? c. How do people experience society? d. How do some people protect their privileges? Answer: c 90) Which of the following is a manifest function of sports? a. providing recreation and physical conditioning b. fostering social relationships c. generating jobs d. teaching a society’s way of life Answer: a 91) Encouraging people to compete and strive for success are two of the _____ of sports. a. manifest functions b. latent functions c. dysfunctions d. controlled variables Answer: b 92) Who, of the following, would be most likely to ask how shared symbols precipitate Canadians’ pride in their Olympic hockey team? a. a structural functionalist b. a social-conflict theorist c. a symbolic interactionist d. a social-control theorist Answer: c 93) Who, of the following would be most likely to ask “how is society held together”? a. a structural functionalist b. a social-conflict theorist c. a symbolic interactionist d. a social-control theorist Answer: a 94) Who, of the following would be most likely to ask “what factors give rise to social inequality”? a. a structural functionalist b. a social-conflict theorist c. a symbolic interactionist d. a social-control theorist Answer: a 95) Which of the following would be the focus of a social-conflict analysis of sports? a. the way in which sports help encourage competition b. the importance of physical ability in success c. how sports reflect social inequality d. the different meanings people attach to games Answer: c 96) Racial discrimination in professional sports is evident today in a. the positions typically played by White and Black players. b. the exclusion of Black players from professional sports. c. the fact that most managers and team owners are Black. d. There is no racial discrimination in professional sports. Answer: a 97) Which of the following statements is based on a symbolic-interaction analysis of sports? a. Winning at sports means different things to different people. b. Some categories of people benefit more than others from sports. c. Sports help develop important cultural values. d. “Stacking” is a type of racial inequality in sports. Answer: a 98) Using the symbolic-interaction approach, sports becomes a. a structure that contributes to the functioning of society. b. a matter of social inequality. c. less a system than an ongoing process. d. an accurate means of measuring social cohesion. Answer: c True/False Questions 99) According to sociologists, human behaviour reflects our personal “free will.” a. True Incorrect b. False Correct Answer: b 100) Sociology is defined as the systematic study of human society. a. True Correct b. False Incorrect Answer: a 101) Sociologists focus only on unusual patterns of behaviour. a. True Incorrect b. False Correct Answer: b 102) The sociological perspective reveals that people’s lives are mostly a result of what they decide to do. a. True Incorrect b. False Correct Answer: b 103) Durkheim documented that categories of people with weaker social ties have lower suicide rates. a. True Incorrect b. False Correct Answer: b 104) In Canada, Aboriginal peoples have a higher suicide rate than other Canadians. a. True Correct b. False Incorrect Answer: a 105) People with lower social standing are usually more likely to see the world sociologically than people who are well off. a. True Correct b. False Incorrect Answer: a 106) In Canada, men have a higher suicide rate than women a. True Correct b. False Incorrect Answer: a 107) Gays and lesbians are aware of social patterns that heterosexual people rarely think about. a. True Correct b. False Incorrect Answer: a 108) A global perspective has little in common with a sociological perspective. a. True Incorrect b. False Correct Answer: b 109) Sociologist C. Wright Mills argued that times of social crisis foster widespread sociological thinking. a. True Correct b. False Incorrect Answer: a 110) C. Wright Mills claimed that, most of the time, people were responsible for their own problems. a. True Incorrect b. False Correct Answer: b 111) Studying other societies is a good way to learn about our own way of life. a. True Correct b. False Incorrect Answer: a 112) Societies around the world are more interconnected than ever before. a. True Correct b. False Incorrect Answer: a 113) Sociological research may be interesting, but it is of little use in shaping public policy, including legislation. a. True Incorrect b. False Correct Answer: b 114) The sociological perspective reveals the truth of the “common sense” beliefs we tend to take for granted. a. True Correct b. False Incorrect Answer: a 115) Understanding how society operates offers little benefit to anyone but the most privileged people. a. True Incorrect b. False Correct Answer: b 116) Sociology is useful training for any job that involves working with people. a. True Correct b. False Incorrect Answer: a 117) Revolutionary changes in European societies sparked the development of sociology. a. True Correct b. False Incorrect Answer: a 118) The term sociology was coined by Emile Durkheim in 1898. a. True Incorrect b. False Correct Answer: b 119) As a discipline, sociology first took root in France, Germany, and England. a. True Correct b. False Incorrect Answer: a 120) Ancient philosophers, including Plato, were more interested in imagining the “ideal” society than in studying society as it really is. a. True Correct b. False Incorrect Answer: a 121) The last of Comte’s “three stages” is the metaphysical stage in which people know the world in terms of God’s will a. True Incorrect b. False Correct Answer: b 122) Among all academic disciplines, sociology is one of the youngest. a. True Correct b. False Incorrect Answer: a 123) Auguste Comte was a positivist who believed that there were laws of society, like the laws of physics that describe the operation of the natural world. a. True Correct b. False Incorrect Answer: a