Terms in Schizophrenia Worksheet

To better understand the terms that describe the behaviors that may be seen in Schizophrenia and other psychosis complete this terms worksheet in your own words. Directions: Write in the definition for each Term then write YOUR OWN example of a statement or action that reveals understanding of the term. Where applicable, write the nursing intervention including the therapeutic communication for the term. Post your terms sheet to this discussion board by the due date in your course calendar. Then review the worksheets of two peers and respond to their postings by the due date in the course calendar. Remember be kind! Give your peer some help if they are misunderstanding and/or let them know if their examples helped you understand the term better. Example: 1. TERM: Hallucination (olfactory) ● DEFINITION: False sensory experience or perceptual experience that do not exist in reality. ● EXAMPLE: Sensing a metallic rancid smell like, like there is a dead animal on the side of the road, but nothing is there. Ex: the client says “I smell something dead” ● NURSING INTERVENTION: Investigate the smell. Validate statement, do not argue about it, but state you do not smell it. Base your conversations in reality. Now you do the rest!: 2. TERM: Ambivalence ● DEFINITION: Holding contradictory beliefs and feelings about the same person, event, or situation. ● EXAMPLE: The client reports that they can’t decide to invite their best friend to a party with them or not because some of the people at the party do not like there friend ● NURSING INTERVENTION: Positive or hard symptoms can be helped with medication also you want to Integrate patient into the milieu and teach patient how to establish boundaries in social interactions. 3. TERM: Associative looseness ● DEFINITION: Thoughts or ideas that do not logically relate to the topic like poorly related thoughts and ideas. ● EXAMPLE: I need to clean but I need shoes ● NURSING INTERVENTION: Clarify what the patient is trying to say and try to redirect to topic. 4. TERM: Religious delusion ● DEFINITION: A false belief in religious practice and has no relation to actual religious ● EXAMPLE: Jesus walks among us sinners ● NURSING INTERVENTION: Use distracting techniques to try and get their mind off of the topic 5. TERM: Echopraxis ● DEFINITION: limits of movements and gestures a person the client is observing at. ● EXAMPLE: the nurse notices that a patient mock everything another patient does ● NURSING INTERVENTION: The nurse needs to ask the patient who is mocking the other patient why they are doing this for. 6. TERM: Flight of Ideas ● DEFINITION: shift load of ideas in which the person jumps rapidly from one topic to another. ● EXAMPLE: the nurse asks the patient how there day is going and in-between the patient jumps on the topic of band aids and how do they stick to people. ● NURSING INTERVENTION: The nurse needs to try to keep the patient on track with the current conversation and steer the conversation in the great direction for treatment. 7. TERM: Ideas of Reference ● DEFINITION: A belief that something or someone that has no relation to the patient or situation is directing actions towards them. ● EXAMPLE: The patient believes that Donald Trump tweets are a way for him to communicate directly with them. ● NURSING INTERVENTION: I would establish and increase reality for the patient and promote positive thought. 8. TERM: Preservation ● DEFINITION: When a patient is set on a certain idea and unable to switch there thought ● EXAMPLE: when the topic switches from eating Mexican food to watching sports but the patient still is wanting a Torta to eat even though the patient just ate. ● NURSING INTERVENTION: I would try to redirect and distract the patient. 9. TERM: Poverty of speech ● DEFINITION: Speech is very minimal speaks very little ● EXAMPLE: The nurse asks Are you feeling better? patient responds “No.” not explaining his answer of why. ● NURSING INTERVENTION: continue to engage with patient to try to get a prompt answer from them 10. TERM: Anhedonia ● DEFINITION: Feeling no joy from life or any activities or relationship ● EXAMPLE: Patient explains to the the nurse that they no longer feel any type of joy or excitement when they do their favorite activates or hobby’s. ● NURSING INTERVENTION: The nurse asks the patient how long have they felt like this and medications can be prescribed to help anhedonia 11. TERM: Apathy ● DEFINITION: Feelings of indifference toward people, activities, and events ● EXAMPLE: patient is asked if they would like to participate in a fun activity and they respond “whatever, I don’t care”. Just like a lot of teenagers ● NURSING INTERVENTION: The nurse would ask the patient is there is anything they are interested in doing like activities. 12. TERM: Blunted affect ● DEFINITION: Restricted range of emotional feeling, tone, or mood ● EXAMPLE: The nurse asks if the patient is having fun ● NURSING INTERVENTION: The nurse can talk to the patient about expressing their feelings and emotions can be very therapeutic. 13. TERM: Catatonia ● DEFINITION: induced immobility occasionally marked by periods of agitation or excitement due to Psychologically ● EXAMPLE: patient is motionless pacing back and forth ● NURSING INTERVENTION: Ask the patient if they would like to talk with you to ensure their safety. 14. TERM: Flat affect ● DEFINITION: Absence of facial expression that would indicate a person’s emotions or mood ● EXAMPLE: Nurse asks if the patient is having fun and enjoying themselves, the patient responds to the nurse with only looking at the nurse with a blank expression on their face nothing more. ● NURSING INTERVENTION: the nurse will talk with the patient about expressing their emotions better so they can know how the patient if feeling. 15. TERM: Avolition DEFINITION: Lack of motivation regarding tasks that are necessary achieve goals. EXAMPLE: Patient states he has no energy or want to complete school work even though patient is failing courses or even if the patient has only one assignment to do.  NURSING INTERVENTION: Plan out goal’s patient would like to obtain and help to layout a schedule and plan.      16. TERM: Persecutory delusions DEFINITION: belief that “others” will always do harm them, and ridiculing even belittling from people EXAMPLE: “Vaccines aren’t real they are just trackers the movement injects people with to spy NURSING INTERVENTION: increase patient’s reality and possibly have patient interact with others. 17. TERM: Thought broadcasting  DEFINITION: Ddelusional belief that others can hear or know what the client is thinking like spying ● EXAMPLE: nurse asked why the patient what they are doing and the patient reply’s by saying, you should know what I’m doing you can hear my thoughts. ● NURSING INTERVENTION: nurse should redirect the patient and assure that the nurse cannot hear anything except for the words the patient is communicating to them using words 18. TERM: Echolalia ● DEFINITION: repetition or imitation of what someone else says ● EXAMPLE: nurse says, hello how are you this evening? patient replies hello how are you this evening ● NURSING INTERVENTION: try to ask the question in a different way and redirect the patient to engage in answering your question. 19. TERM: EPS    DEFINITION: serious neurologic symptoms, are the major side effects of antipsychotic and mood stabilizing drugs. EXAMPLE: patient has shaky hands like tremors and struggles to feed themselves NURSING INTERVENTION: assist the patient at mealtimes 20. TERM: Tardive Dyskinesia  DEFINITION: stiff, body movements tics of the face and body that can't be control. The blinking eyes, sticking out their tongue, or wave their arms without meaning to do so uncontrolled movement ● EXAMPLE: patient keeps clearing their throat constantly without being able to stop or having the need to do so. ● NURSING INTERVENTION: read patient background for baseline. If these are new symptoms, revaluation of current medications may need to take place with physician. 21. TERM: Akathisia DEFINITION: Restless movement, pacing, inability to remain still experiencing restlessness. EXAMPLE: While getting the patients history the nurse notices that be quiet is constantly bouncing their legs fidgety with hands. The patient reports they have been feeling like this since they started taking their antipsychotic medication.  NURSING INTERVENTION: The nurse needs to inform the patient that this is a possible side effect of their medication and that there are treatments to help akathisia and informing the doctor to prescribe the medication to help the side effect is important to do.   22. TERM: Thought Insertion  DEFINITION: A delusional belief that others are putting ideas or thoughts into their head. ● EXAMPLE: A patient tells the nurse that they believe that people are placing the thought that they should eat bugs in their head. ● NURSING INTERVENTION: The nurse needs to rest assure the patient that no one can place thoughts in their mind and that they are in control of their own thoughts and actions. 23. TERM: Thought withdrawal DEFINITION: a belief that others are taking their thoughts. EXAMPLE: A nurse finds a patient trying to put tin foil on their head trying to keep others from stealing their thoughts. Like magneto and Jagarnot from Xmen  NURSING INTERVENTION: The nurse needs ask the patient why they believe someone is trying to take the thoughts. The nurse then needs to ensure patient of safety   24. TERM: Concrete thinking ● DEFINITION: The client is unable to think in abstract terms and will give over literal interpretations of proverbs. ● EXAMPLE: The nurse tells the client “the early bird gets the worm” and the client states back that birds do not prefer worms but prefer berries and seeds instead ● NURSING INTERVENTION: The nurse can try and explain to the patient that is just a phrase that people use for saying those people who wake up early are more successful than people who sleep till 2pm 25. TERM: Somatic Delusion ● DEFINITION: is a vague and unrealistic belief about the client’s health or bodily functions ● EXAMPLE: patients thinks they have diabetes because they ate chocolate cake all week even though their lab levels are normal ● NURSING INTERVENTION: ask the patient why do they feel that they have diabetes. 26. TERM: Delusions of Grandeur  DEFINITION: people believes that they are someone other than who they are, like a famous or wealth person. ● EXAMPLE: patient states they have a ton of celebrity friends and is the son of Donald Trump and they have access to covid-19 cure ● NURSING INTERVENTION: ask how does one feel knowing you can do this. 27.TERM: Clang Associations    DEFINITION: ideas that are related to one another based on sound or rhyming rather than meaning. EXAMPLE: Nurse asks patient if they have gotten there food tray yet patients’ response is there’s a mile-long dial trial a while NURSING INTERVENTION: ask for clarification if the patient continues 28.TERM: Word Salad  DEFINITION: A combination of jumbled words or phrases that are disconnected or incoherent and make no sense to the listener.  EXAMPLE: The nurse asked what activity would you like to do today? The client responds by saying “dog, frog, Apple juice, chicken nugget, and tree.”  NURSING INTERVENTION: The nurse needs to be patient with the client. They may have a hard time cognitively expressing or convening what they need. 29.TERM: Command Hallucinations ● DEFINITION: are voices demanding that the client take action, often to harm the self or others, and are considered dangerous. ● EXAMPLE: patient steals another patients food because the voices in their head told them their food was poisoned ● NURSING INTERVENTION: ensure the patients safety. The nurse Needs to talk to the patient and ask why they think the voices in their mind are telling them that and reason with the patient about understanding that those voices are not real. 30.TERM: Waxy Flexibility ● DEFINITION: Motor immobility that can cause a client to be stuck in an immobile pose. ● EXAMPLE: The nurse finds the patient in an upright pose with arms stretched out not moving ● NURSING INTERVENTION: Medications can be administered to help reverse the effects of waxy flexibility. 31TERM: Paranoia  DEFINITION: involves intense anxious or fearful feelings and thoughts often related to persecution, threat, or conspiracy. ● EXAMPLE: Patient doesn’t want to leave their room because of fear they would be kidnap buy the govemenrt ● NURSING INTERVENTION: assure the patient that they are in a safe space. 32TERM: Latency of response ● DEFINITION: long hesitation before the client responds to questions. ● EXAMPLE: nurse asks for the patient’s full name and the patient responds 45 seconds later. ● NURSING INTERVENTION: evaluate patient mental status for other signs of cognition difficulty and document. 33TERM: Preservation ● DEFINITION: When a patient is set on a certain idea and unable to switch there thought ● EXAMPLE: when the topic switches from eating Mexican food to watching sports but the patient still is wanting a Torta to eat even though the patient just ate. ● NURSING INTERVENTION: I would try to redirect and distract the patient: 34TERM: Neologisms ● DEFINITION: words invented by the patient “made up words” ● EXAMPLE: the patient tells everyone gabeeshmia because it means hello good morning ● NURSING INTERVENTION: redirect to patient to use words everyone else knows to better communicate with others. 35TERM: Circumstantial thinking ● DEFINITION: excessive irrelevant details in conversation ● EXAMPLE: patient tells a story to the nurse about an old high school football game and gives every detail of the day ● NURSING INTERVENTION: The nurse can explain to the patient but they don't need to add in every single little detail to their story to make their story entertaining or relevant to the main topic. 36.TERM: Visual Hallucinations ● DEFINITION: Visual hallucinations seeing images that do not exist like a dead person, monsters’ animals, ● EXAMPLE: The nurse walks into the room and sees the patient petting their pillow like an animal ● NURSING INTERVENTION: The nurse needs to ask first what the patient is seeing reassure reality to the patient and also remind the patient that what they are seeing to them might seem real but it’s not