Unit 2 Review for World History C. 1200 to c. 1450

Unit 2 - Networks of Exchange - AP Modern World History C. 1200 to c. 1450 8-10% AP exam weighting Topic 2.1 - The Silk Roads Learning Objectives: Explain the causes and effects of the growth of networks of exchange after 1200. Name Location Significance (Why should we remember this?) City of Kashgar China The largest city of the Tarim Basin, is an ancient centre for the manufacture of handicrafts such as textiles. City of Samarkand Central Asia The city has been a crossroads, a stopping point on the trade networks of the old Silk Road. Pax Mongolia Europe and China The trade routes used by merchants became safe for travel, resulting in an overall growth and expansion of trade. Bills of exchange China Europe and A bill of exchange helps to counter some of the risks involved with trading. Banking houses Europe and China They gave loans, while accepting deposits and performing the change of money. Use of Paper money China Paper money was easier to carry in large amounts. "Flying cash" China It made it possible to transfer cash across vast distances without physically transporting it. Caravanserai Asia It is an inn with a central courtyard for travelers. Junk (ship) China Junk rigs have lines from the end of each of the battens and this 1 provides very accurate control on how the sail sets. Syncretism is the combining of different beliefs, while blending practices of various schools of thought. Luxury goods that were traded China and Europe Silk was one of the many luxury goods imported along the Silk Road. Magnetic compass China It allowed mariners to determine their direction even if clouds obscured their usual astronomical cues such as the North Star. Rudder China Hanseatic League Europe Helped steer ships more precisely. The Hanseatic League was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns Topic 2.2- The Mongol Empire and the Making of the Modern World Learning Objectives: Explain the process of state building in Eurasia over time. Explain how the expansion of empires influenced trade and communication over time. Explain the significance of the Mongol Empire in larger patterns of continuity and change. Name Location Significance (Why should we remember this?) Eurasia Europe and Asia Ever since the continents started interacting politically, some 500 years ago, Eurasia has been the center of world power. Nomadism Asia Nomadism is a way of life of peoples who do not live continually in the same place but move cyclically or periodically.facilitates more social interaction than would be possible among people living in small scattered settlements. Khan/Khanate China The Mongols encouraged greater trade between Asia, Europe, and Africa, by making the Silk Route a more effective way to trade and led the bubonic plague spreading widely over Eurasia. Chinggis Khan (Genghis) Mongol Empire (Asia) He was the founder and first Great Khan and Emperor of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death. 326 Khubilai Khan - 337 Yuan Dynasty (China) His accomplishments include taking over China and establishing Mongol rule there under the new name of the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368 CE), and thus becoming the first non-Chinese to rule the whole of that country. Yuan Dynasty China The Yuan Dynasty unified China after a period of more than 300 years. Transfer of Greco-Islamic knowledge to Western Europe Western Europe During the post-classical era, Islamic medicine was the most advanced in the world, integrating concepts of the ancient Greek, Roman, Persian as well as the ancient Indian traditions of Ayurveda. This medical knowledge was critical for western Europe. Transfer of numbering systems to Europe Europe The Hindu-Arabic numeral system allows for more complicated and precise calculations than the Roman numerals because of the use of zero and the decimal system. This number system was introduced by Leonardo Fibonacci. Adoption of Uyghur script Asia and China The Uyghur adopted this script from local inhabitants when they migrated into Turfan after 840. It was an adaptation of the Aramaic alphabet used for texts with Buddhist, Manichaean and Christian content for 700-800 years in Turpan. Batu Mongolia Batu Khan, was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a division of the Mongol Empire. Golden Horde Asia, mostly Russia area The Golden Horde was the group of settled Mongols who ruled over Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Moldova, and the Caucasus from the 1240s until 1502. White Lotus Society Thailand An ancient and formerly secret society that transcends the boundaries of the four nations, seeking philosophy, beauty, and truth. They are devoted to sharing ancient knowledge across national and political divides. Bubonic Plague Almost all of Europe Caused massive death tolls wherever it occurred. It is remembered today as one of the most important pandemics in 3