G. Period 3 1754-1800 Vocabulary

Directions: Identify each term and be prepared to turn in for a formative grade on __. If you don’t find them in the book or the book doesn’t give you enough info then look it up online. These terms appear on the APUSH Course Description. Term Identification / Definition Seven Years’ War (French & Indian War) Lasting from 1754-1763, the war was one foght between the French and Indian allies against the British and their Indian allies. The war started in America and extended to Europe, where it was called the Seven Years' War. France diverted many resources to fighting the Prussians. The was fought on the colonial frontier. Proclamation of 1763 October 7, 1763 and was created to alleviate relations with natives after the French and Indian War and started that Americans were not permitted to passed the Appalachian Mountains. Used by the colonists to protest the Stamp Act of 1765. The colonists declared they had no one representing them in Parliament, so Parliament had no right to tax them. nonimportation agreements. widespread adoption in the colonies not to use any British goods. “No Taxation without Representation” Rights of Englishmen Fundamental rights of Englishmen which were infringed upon by the Old World British on the colonists. This led to conflicts later on such as the American Revolution. Individual Rights Theses are protected by the Bill of Rights and include economic rights related to property, political rights related to freedom of speech and press, and personal rights related to bearing arms and maintaining private residences. Benjamin Franklin American public official, writer, scientist, and printer. After the success of his Poor Richard's Almanac (1732-1757), he entered politics and played a major part in the American Revolution. He negotiated French support for the colonists, signed the Treaty of Paris (1783), and helped draft the Constitution (1787-1789). His numerous scientific and practical innovations include the lightning rod, bifocal spectacles, and a stove. Patriots American colonists circa 1770 who fought for independence from Great Britain during the Revolutionary War Loyalists (Tories) Americans who remained loyal to Great Britain during the Revolution. circa 1770 Continental Army An army forced after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, it was established by the Continental Congress on June 14, 1775. It was a coordinated effort against Great Britain. General George Washington Virginian who was Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army and President of the Constitutional Convention. Later became the first President. Founding Father. American Revolution (Revolutionary War) The Revolutionary War lasted from the Declaration of Independence in 1776 until the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The American colonists defeated the British and won independence. Democratic Ideals (democracy) The beliefs that support democracy. The founders of our country believed that these were essential for democracy to function as it does. Republican Ideals (republicanism) The ideology of governing the nation as a republic, where the head of state is not appointed through hereditary means, but usually through an election , A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense Published anonymously on January 10, 1776. Promoting freedom from Britain, and at the time it was the largest selling book in the Colonies Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence was approved by Congress on July 4, 1776. drafted by Thomas Jefferson, it formalized the colonies' separation from Britain and laid out the Enlightenment values (best expressed by John Locke) of natural rights to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" upon which the American Revolution was based. Abolition Movement in opposition to slavery, often demanding immediate, uncompensated emancipation of all slaves. This was generally considered radical, and there were only a few adamant abolitionists prior to the Civil War. Almost all abolitionists advocated legal, but not social equality for blacks. “Republican Motherhood” An idea linked to republicanism that elevated the role of women. It gave them the prestigious role as the special keepers of the nation's conscience Its roots were from the idea that a citizen should be to his country as a mother is to her child. French Revolution Began in 1789 with some nonviolent restrictions on the king, but became more hostile in 1792 when France declared war on Austria. Seeking help from America, the French pointed to the FrancoAmerican alliance of 1778. Not wanting to get involved for fear of damage to the trade business, Washington gave the Neutrality Proclamation, which made America neutral. This led to arguments between Americans and French. After fighting with the French over such things as the Jay Treaty, the Americans came to peace with France in 1800. Haitian Revolution 1789-1804, Washington, Adams, Jefferson; First successful slave revolt; led to more slave revolts because of hope of success now that there was an example; hurt France financially; gave Haiti freedom, spread fear of slave rebellion, first free slave nation in the western hemisphere, ended Napoleon's dream of an American empire which led to him selling the Louisiana land to the Americans Latin American Revolutions Series of risings in the Spanish colonies of Latin America (1810-1826) that established the independence of new states from Spanish rule but that for the most part retained the privileges of the elites despite efforts at more radical social rebellion by the lower classes. State Constitutions These all include government structure, a bill of rights and a method that alll state constitutions can be ratified, people get practice before country constitutions, drew power from people , annual election of leaders Legislative Branch Senate+House of Representatives (Congress) 1) Passes laws 2) Appropriate Money (in essence a law) 3) DECLARE WAR 4) Over-ride president veto by a 2/3 vote in each chamber Articles of Confederation This document, the nation's first constitution, was adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1781 during the Revolution. The document was limited because states held most of the power, and Congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage. Limited Government In this type of government everyone, including all authority figures, must obey laws. Constitutions, statements of rights, or other laws define the limits of those in power so they cannot take advantage of the elected, appointed, or inherited positions. Constitutional Convention The body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structures, and processes of a government Constitution The body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structures, and processes of a government “Bundle of Compromises” Compromises reached before ratifying the Constitution; the Great Compromise, the "three-fifths compromise", Electoral college or popular vote for presidential election, three branches of government with checks and balances Federalism It was a belief in a strong and powerful central government. It had a strong influence for a couple of decades in the early country Separation of Powers Three-Fifths Compromise Slave Trade Clause Ratification The division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government As a compromise between total representation and none at all, it was decided that a slave might count as "three-fifths of a person" Part of constitution that said slave trade was no longer a legal and legitimate practice; did not outlaw slavery just slave trade Ratification of the U.S. Constitution. It was required that conventions of nine of the thirteen original States ratify the constitution. Once word was received that the ninth state had ratified the constitution - New Hampshire, June 21, 1788 - a timetable was set for the start of operations under the Constitution, and on March 4, 1789, the government under the Constitution began operations. Anti-Federalists Federalists Lead by Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, and Richard Henry Lee; statesrights devotees, backcountry dwellers, and one-horse famers (poorest classes); thought of Constitution as a plot by the upper crust to steal poer back from the common folk Lead by George Washington and Benjamin Franklin; had power and influence; primarily lived on seaboard and were richer, more educated, and better organized than Anti-Federalists; controlled the press Federalist Papers Written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison; a masterly series of articles for the New York newspapers (commentary on the Consitution; most famous is Madison's No. 10 (refuted the idea that it was impossible to extend a republican form of government over a large territory) Alexander Hamilton Ultra conservative New Yorker, favored strong central govt. helped write The Federalist Papers, New Yorker that saved the convention at Annapolis from failure by engineering the adoption of his report; favored a much stronger central government than in the Constitution, but helped it get ratified in New York; one of the writers of the Federalist Papers James Madison Dubbed "the Father of the Constitution"; one of the writers of the Federalist Papers Enumerated Rights Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution Bill of Rights A statement of fundamental rights and privileges (especially the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution) President George Washington Unanimously elected chairman of the Constitutional Convention; one of the leading Federalists President John Adams He was the second president of the United States and a Federalist. He was responsible for passing the Alien and Sedition Acts. Prevented all out war with France after the XYZ Affair. His passing of the Alien and Sedition Acts, which severely hurt the popularity of the Federalist party and himself Democratic-Republican Party Thomas Jefferson Mostly Southerners led by Thomas Jefferson, believed the people should have political power, favored strong state governments, emphasized agriculture, favored strict interpretation of the constitution, were pro-french, opposed national bank, and opposed protective tariff Principal author of the Declaration of Independence, was also the third president of the United States. A founding father, as well as the founder of the Continental Congress Frontier Culture Was newer planters, had moved west to make their fortune. Were self-made, hard workers, canny in business. Northwest Ordinance Governance of western lands; two evolutionary territorial stages, during which the area was subordinate to federal government; when a territoy had sixty thousand inhabitants, it could be admitted by Congress as a state, with all the privileges of the thirteen charter members (this was what Continental Congress had promised when the states surrendered their lands in 1781) Northwest Territory (1785-1787) territories accquiured by the federal government from the states, encompassing land northwest of the Ohio River, east of the Mississippi River, and south of the Great Lakes; the well organized management and the sale of the land in the territories under the land ordinances of 1785 and 1787 established a precedent for handling future land acquisition Spanish Missions Spanish missions were Spain's key promoter of expansion on the frontier in the early 19th century. The goal of these missions was to convert Native Americans, and have them preside on mission lands as farmers. Missions were protected by presidios, which were forts near each mission. The mission system began its decline in the late 1820s when missions were "secularized" and Native Americans began to flee and return to their nomadic ways. Quasi-War with France 1798 to 1800, undeclared war fought entirely at sea, Caused by the XYZ affair. Congress cut off all trade with France.Navy was created. Britain - ally, finally France backed down President George Washington’s Farewell Address A document by George Washington in 1796, when he retired from office. It wasn't given orally, but printed in newspapers. It did not concern foreign affairs; most of it was devoted to domestic problems. He stressed that we should stay away from permanent alliances with foreign countries; temporary alliances wouldn't be quite as dangerous, but they should be made only in "extraordinary emergencies". He also spoke against partisan bitterness. This document was rejected by the Jeffersonians, who favored the alliance with France.