University:
Campbell University
Course:
BIOL 342 | Genetics
Academic year:

2024
Views:

188

Pages:

2
Author:

Caroline Mcfarland

DNA Basics 1.) What is DNA? Instructions for building all living things 2.) Draw a picture of a DNA molecule a.) Label the sugar-phosphate backbone b.) Label the 4 types of nucleotides 3.) What is the shape of DNA? Double helix or spiral staircase 4.) What bases pair together? 5.) What is a gene? 6.) What is a complete set of genes called? 7.) What makes people unique? 8.) What happens if there is a change in a gene? A set of instructions to build proteins Genome Small changes in bases of the different genes Possibly a mutation Click on What are Proteins and watch the video? 10.) Provide 2 examples of proteins. Hair, fingernails, muscles 11.) What is a protein? 12.) How many different amino acids are there? long chains of amino acids 20 Click on Mutations and watch the video? 13.) What is a mutation? Typos during the copying of nucleotide bases 14.) What is the most common mistake? Single base substitution 15.) What other two mistakes could occur? Single base deletion and Single base addition 16.) When can DNA changes be passed on? When the mutation occurs in a sex cell (gamete) 17.) How many variations exist between parent to offspring? 18.) Do mutations USUALLY result in good/bad/neither (circle one) changes? Often about 60 changes 1 Click on What is Inheritance and watch the video? 16.) What is sexual reproduction? Mixing of genetics from two parents 17.) How many copies of each gene do we have? 18.) How is it decided which genes are passed on to offspring? 19.) Do brothers and sisters contain the exact same chromosomes? Explain. Two, one from each parent Random No. Chromosomes are randomly chosen from both parents and mixed up. 20.) How much of their genetics do grandchildren share with their grandparents? 25% Click on What are Traits and watch the video? 21.) What are traits? Notable feature or characteristic 22.) Give two examples of human traits. Hair colour, eye colour, height, skin tone 23.) What are the two deciders of what traits you have? Genetics and environment Click on What are Dominant and Recessive? 24.) What is an allele? Genetic information for a trait 25.) How many alleles do we have for each trait? Why? Two. One from each parent 26.) Why are alleles referred to as dominant and recessive? Dominant alleles overpower a recessive allele and two recessive alleles are needed for expression 27.) How many genes control most traits? Many (two or more) 2