Ecology Unit Test

1. What is it called when one organism kills and eats another (plants count)? a) Commensalism b) Predation c) Mutualism d) Parasitism 2. What is any inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival? a) Niche b) Adaptation c) Habitat d) Succession 3. What is it called when two species interact? a) Symbiosis b) Food Web c) Trophic Level d) Community 4. What is it called when both organisms benefit? a) Parasitism b) Commensalism c) Mutualism d) Competition 5. What is it called when one organism is helped and one is not affected? a) Parasitism b) Commensalism c) Mutualism d) Predation 6. What is it called when one organism is helped and one is hurt? a) Parasitism b) Commensalism c) Competition d) Symbiosis 7. What are the levels of organization in ecology? a) Organism, biome, community, biosphere b) Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere c) Population, ecosystem, biosphere, niche d) Habitat, population, species, environment 8. What are the living things in an ecosystem called? a) Abiotic factors b) Decomposers c) Biotic factors d) Limiting factors 9. What are the non-living things in an ecosystem called? a) Biotic factors b) Abiotic factors c) Producers d) Consumers 10. What is the term for organisms that produce their own food using sunlight? a) Consumers b) Heterotrophs c) Decomposers d) Producers 11. What is the term for organisms that consume producers or other consumers for food? a) Herbivores b) Producers c) Consumers d) Detritivores 12. What are organisms that eat only plants called? a) Carnivores b) Omnivores c) Herbivores d) Producers 13. What are organisms that eat only animals called? a) Herbivores b) Omnivores c) Carnivores d) Decomposers 14. What are organisms that eat both plants and animals called? a) Herbivores b) Carnivores c) Omnivores d) Producers 15. What are organisms that eat dead plant and animal matter called? a) Decomposers b) Producers c) Detritivores d) Consumers 16. What are organisms that break down dead organisms called? a) Decomposers b) Detritivores c) Producers d) Herbivores 17. What is each level of a food chain or web called? a) Trophic Level b) Food Chain c) Food Web d) Pyramid of Numbers 18. What shows a list of energy relationships? a) Food Web b) Energy Pyramid c) Food Chain d) Succession 19. What shows all interconnected energy relationships? a) Energy Pyramid b) Food Chain c) Food Web d) Trophic Level 20. What is the energy loss between levels of the food chain? a) 50% b) 90% c) 75% d) 25% 21. What shows the amount of energy, numbers, or mass in each trophic level? a) Food Web b) Energy Pyramid c) Succession d) Community 22. What is it called when a species disappears from all or part of its range? a) Invasion b) Extinction c) Migration d) Competition 23. What is a species whose population size is declining in a way that places it in danger of extinction? a) Endangered species b) Invasive species c) Pioneer species d) Commensal species 24. What is it called when humans introduce a species into a new habitat? a) Endangered species b) Pioneer species c) Invasive species d) Carnivore species 25. What are harmful materials introduced into the environment called? a) Deforestation b) Pollution c) Succession d) Limiting factors 26. What is the process of destroying forests for wood or farming? a) Habitat loss b) Invasion c) Pollution d) Deforestation 27. What are things that affect the size of a population called? a) Limiting factors b) Population density c) Carrying capacity d) Niche 28. What is the maximum population size an area can support? a) Carrying capacity b) Limiting factors c) Habitat size d) Community size 29. What is the area where an organism lives called? a) Niche b) Habitat c) Community d) Population 30. What is the role of an organism, including its interactions with the environment, called? a) Habitat b) Niche c) Population d) Community 31. What is the term for the number of individuals per unit area? a) Trophic level b) Habitat density c) Population density d) Carrying capacity 32. What is a sequence of predictable community changes over time called? a) Primary succession b) Secondary succession c) Ecological succession d) Energy flow 33. What type of succession starts with bare rock? a) Primary succession b) Secondary succession c) Ecological succession d) Trophic succession 34. What type of succession starts with soil? a) Primary succession b) Secondary succession c) Ecological succession d) Pioneer succession 35. What are the first species to colonize damaged ecosystems called? a) Pioneer species b) Invasive species c) Endangered species d) Producers 36. What is the increase in the number of individuals in a population called? a) Extinction b) Population growth c) Succession d) Limiting factors 37. What is a system formed by the interaction of a community with its environment called? a) Population b) Community c) Ecosystem d) Biosphere 38. What is a group of organisms that can interbreed called? a) Population b) Species c) Community d) Ecosystem 39. What is an assemblage of interacting populations in a given area called? a) Biosphere b) Community c) Population d) Ecosystem 40. What is the term for the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth occupied by living organisms? A. Biome B. Ecosystem C. Biosphere D. Community 41. A group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms is called: A. Ecosystem B. Biome C. Biosphere D. Habitat 42. What is population growth that is unhindered because of the abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population? A. Logistic Growth B. Exponential Growth C. Carrying Capacity D. Population Density 43. What growth pattern occurs when a population’s growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth? A. Exponential Growth B. Limiting Growth C. Logistic Growth D. Density-Dependent Growth 44. What is the rule that states only 10% of the energy at each trophic level is available to the next level? A. Energy Transfer Rule B. 90% Rule C. 10% Rule D. Pyramid Law 45. What is each step in a food chain or food web called? A. Energy Flow B. Trophic Level C. Food Web Level D. Feeding Tier 46. What term describes a series of changes in the population sizes of organisms at different trophic levels, where predators at high levels indirectly promote populations at lower levels? A. Food Chain Disruption B. Trophic Cascade C. Predatory Control D. Energy Pyramid Effect 47. A species on which other species largely depend and whose removal would drastically change the ecosystem is called: A. Apex Predator B. Invasive Species C. Keystone Species D. Pioneer Species 48. What is the condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place called? A. Climate B. Atmosphere C. Weather D. Precipitation 49. What is the overall weather in an area over a long period of time? A. Climate B. Weather C. Ecosystem D. Biosphere 50. What process allows plants to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars using the sun’s energy? A. Cellular Respiration B. Photosynthesis C. Carbon Cycle D. Fermentation 51. A limiting factor that affects large, dense populations more strongly than small, less crowded populations is called: A. Density-Independent Factor B. Logistic Growth Factor C. Density-Dependent Factor D. Carrying Capacity 52. What limiting factor affects all populations similarly, regardless of size (e.g., natural disasters)? A. Density-Independent Factor B. Density-Dependent Factor C. Growth Limiting Factor D. Ecological Succession 53. The extinction of a large proportion of the world’s species in a short time due to extreme changes or catastrophic events is called: A. Population Crash B. Mass Extinction C. Ecosystem Collapse D. Population Decline 54. What is the name of the current mass extinction event caused by habitat destruction, over-hunting, and new diseases? A. Sixth Mass Extinction B. Climate Extinction C. Biodiversity Decline D. Global Collapse 55. What are habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, population growth, and overexploitation examples of? A. Causes of Climate Change B. Causes of Biodiversity Loss C. Ecosystem Services D. Conservation Threats