Ethical Issues Morality Research with humans are controlled by ethical considerations: Informed consent Erase (or lower) the possibility of discomfort or harm → today studies are usually harmless Free to quit at any time Debate about the use of deception Some claim it's inevitable in some cases Others state it makes informed consent impossible Special consideration with children, disabled people or those who have limited possibilities of making their own decisions Research with animals Is it morally justifiable to prolong human (and animal) suffering in order to reduce suffering by experimental animals? Biomedical research with chimpanzees today banned in many countries Always balance suffering against potential benefits