Test Review Geology

Name __________________________________ Clark Science Period ________ Date _____________ TEST Review Geology #1 (34 pts.) 1. Generally, a rock is made up of a mixture of minerals and other materials. 2. A mineral is inorganic, which means that it contains no materials that were once part of living things. 3. Although brick, steel, and glass all come from substances found in Earth’s crust, they are NOT classified as minerals as they are not naturally occurring. 4. The color of a mineral’s powder is called its streak. 5. If you broke a mineral into tiny pieces, each piece would still show the same crystal structure. 6. The repeating pattern of a mineral’s particles forms a solid called a(n) crystal. 7. The softest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale is talc. 8. The hardest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale is diamond. 9. Rate of cooling is the factor that affects the size of mineral crystals formed in magma 10. Most minerals do NOT split apart evenly. Instead, they have a characteristic type of fracture. 11. The splitting of a mineral along flat surfaces is a property called cleavage. 12. Density can be used to identify a mineral because the density for the same mineral is always the same. 13. Find the density of a mineral whose mass is 60g and whose volume is 20cm³. _____________ 14. Find the density of a mineral whose mass is 90g and whose volume is 30mL. _____________ 15. Magma that cools very slowly deep beneath the surface forms minerals with large crystals. 16. Minerals may form on Earth’s surface when solutions evaporate. 17. Minerals can form deep inside Earth’s crust by crystallization of melted materials. 18. Geologists classify igneous rocks according to the texture of the grains. Extrusive rock is fine-grained igneous rock with small crystals. 19. The crystals inside a geode are formed when a mineral solution crystallizes. 20. Before lava reaches the surface, the molten material is called magma. 21. Rock that forms from the cooling of magma below the surface or lava at the surface is called igneous rock. 22. Igneous rock that formed from lava that erupted onto Earth’s surface is called extrusive rock. 23. Igneous rock that cools very quickly when it forms may have a texture that is smooth and shiny with no visible grain. 24. The most abundant intrusive rock in the continental crust is granite. 25. The process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it is deposition. 26. The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together is cementation. 27. The process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another is called erosion. 28. Heat and pressure deep beneath Earth’s surface can change any rock into metamorphic rock. 29. Geologists classify metamorphic rock according to the arrangement of the grains that make up the rock. 30. Metamorphic rocks that are nonfoliated do not split into layers. 31. A series of processes on Earth’s surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another is called the rock cycle. 32. The process by which natural forces break down rock is called weathering. 33. The process in which sediment is pressed down by layers of sediment above is called compaction. 34. Identify the IV and DV and the testable question.