Electromagnetic Spectrum, Waves, Space

Study Guide (Electromagnetic Spectrum, Waves, Space) Label the following blank spectrum: Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet Visible Radio Microwave Infrared Ultraviolet X-Ray Gamma Low Frequency High Frequency High Wavelength Low Wavelength Frequency and wavelengths are inverses of one another. Explain what this means. Move slower so the wavelength gets bigger, that pass a point per second (frequency). They have an opposite relationship. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum can be seen by humans? Visible Explain what happens when a person sees a blue shirt. Blue light is reflected instead of absorbed. The highest point on a wave is the crest, while the lowest point is the trough. The speed of a wave is a measure of the amount of energy it carries. The distance from one crest to the next crest is the wavelength. The frequency is a measure of the number of waves that pass a point in a given amount of time. 5. The illustration to the right shows a wave. Label each part in the space below: a. Crest b. Trough c. Amplitude d. Wavelength   6. Use the five illustrations of waves drawn below to answer the following questions: five wave diagrams labeled P, Q, R, S, and T (a) Waves P and Q have the same wavelength but wave P has twice the amplitude of wave Q. (b) Waves Q and R have the same amplitude but wave R has twice the wavelength of wave Q. (c) Wave T shows a steady frequency but changing amplitude. (d) Wave S shows steady amplitude but a changing frequency. (e) Waves P and R have a low amplitude and a steady frequency.   7. The following questions refer to the diagram to the right: longitudinal wave diagram (a) Is this wave transverse or longitudinal? - Longitudinal (b) Letter H represents a compression and letter I represents a rarefaction. Letter G represents a wavelength. 8. All waves are produced from Vibrations. 9. How does energy flow in a wave? One molecule vibrates which then vibrates its neighbor molecule and so on. Energy is transferred NOT matter. Key Concapts What is the big bang thenry? How did the solar system form? What do astronomers predict about the future of the universe? Astronamers theorize that hillions of yoars ago, the universa was tha larger than the period at the end of this sentence. This tiny universe was Incredibly hot and dense. The universe thun exploded in what astronomers call the big bang, According to the big bang theory, the usivane formed in an instant, bilions of years ago, in an enormous explosion. Edwin Hubble discovered that most of the galaxissaun.moving away from Ma Land away from each other. Hubble abo discovered that there is a relationship between the distance to a galanty and its speed. Hubble's law states that the farther meay a galaxy the faster it is moving away from us Hhibble's law provides strong support for the big bang theory In 1965, two physicists accidentally detected faint radiation on their radio tulescupe. This mysterious glow was coming from all dinectinens in space. Scientists tatar conchoded that this glow, now known as comic background radiation, is radiation left over from the big bang Astronomers estimate that ise wuiverse is about 13.7 billion years old. After the big bang, time was only cold, dark gas and dust where the solar system is now. About five billion years ago, a giant cloud of gas and dust collapsed in form our solar system. A large cloud of gas and dust such as therine that formed our solar system is called a solar nebula. Slowly, gravity began to pull the solar nebula together. As the solar nabula shrank, it sprun faster and faster and eventually Ratted into a rotating disk. Gravity pulled nailt of the gas into the center of the disk, where the gas eventually became hot and derse enough fne nuclear fusion to begin. The sun was beim Meanwhile, in the outer parts of the disk, gas and dust formed small asteroid-like bodies caliod planetesimals. These formed the building blocks of the planets Planetisimals collided and grow larger by sticking toget and eventually combining to form the planets. New observations have led many astronomers to conclude that the universe will likely expand forever. Astronomers have discovered that the natter that sticationes can such as stars and nebulas, makes up as little as ton percent of the mass of galaxies. The remaining mass in galaxies exists in the form of dark matter. Dark matter is malli maller that does not give of electromagnetic radiation. Astronomers have observed that the expansion of the wwwerse appears em be accelerating. Thay infur that a mysterious new force, which they call dark energy, is counting the expansion of the universe 16 Wheelerate. Most of the universe is thought to be made of dark matter and dark energy. Fill in the following information based off the review reading and your notes In which direction are nearly all galaxies moving? Galaxies are moving away. What is Hubble's law? The further away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away. Explain how the sun was formed. After a solar nebula, gravity began pulling matter together and most of the gas went to the center. Once there was enough dense gas, fusion began and our star was born. Building Vocabulary Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition in the right column on the line beside the term in the left column. big bang f. a theory that the universe formed in a huge explosion cosmic background radiation c. leftover thermal energy from the big bang dark energy a. a force that is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate dark matter d. matter that does not give off electromagnetic radiation planetesimal b. the asteroid-like bodies that formed the building blocks of planets solar nebula e. a large cloud of gas and dust, such as the one that formed our solar system Explain the different ways astronomers classify planets. Inner vs. Outer (outside asteroid belt location) Terrestrial (rocky) vs. Gaseous (composition) Inferior vs. Superior (size) What is the difference between the terrestrial planets and the gaseous planets? Terrestrial planets are rocky. (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) Gaseous planets are icy, gas planets. (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) 12. If 1 AU (astronomical unit) = 92,960,000 miles, how far away is Earth from the sun if Earth is 2.5 AU away from the sun? 2.5 AU * 92,960,000 miles/AU = 232,400,000 miles 13. Complete: Label the missing parts of the life cycle of stars star life cycle diagram A. Nebula B. Red Giant C. Red Supergiant D. Supernova E. Black Hole F. Neutron Star G. White Dwarf Be able to explain the life cycle of a star in your own words. 14. What is nuclear fusion and why is it an important aspect in our solar system? Nuclear Fusion is when two atoms' nuclei melt (fuse) together. Stars, more specifically, our Sun was formed from nuclear fusion and continues fusion today. Without our sun, life would not survive on Earth. Know the order of the planets