Most Geologists Think That the Movement of Earth’s Plates is Caused by

Name __________________________________________ Science Period ___________ Test Review Quarter 3 TEST #2 (38 pts.) Date __________________ 1. Pangaea is the name of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago. 2. According to Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift, the continents were once joined together in a single landmass. 3. Evidence that was used by Alfred Wegener to support his continental drift hypothesis was evidence from landforms, fossils, and climate. 4. Most geologists rejected Alfred Wegener’s idea of continental drift because Wegener could not identify a force that could move the continents. 5. The technology that scientists used in the mid-1900s to map the mid-ocean ridge was sonar. 6. In sea-floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts along mid-ocean ridges. 7. Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by convection currents in the mantle. 8. The geological theory that states that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow motion is the theory of plate tectonics. 9. A place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions, is known as a transform boundary. 10. A rift valley forms at a divergent plate boundary. 11. A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a converging boundary produces a mountain range. 12. The place where two plates come together is known as a convergent boundary. 13. The formation of the Hawaiian Islands is one example of volcanoes forming over a hot spot. 14. Pahoehoe is fast-moving, hot lava. 15. Upward movement of magma triggers the small earthquakes that occur around a volcano before an eruption. 16. A volcano that may erupt again at some time in the distant future is dormant. 17. Dissolved gases trapped in the magma provides the force that causes magma to erupt to the surface. 18. The point beneath Earth’s surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake is called the focus. 19. A seismograph records the ground movements caused by seismic waves. 20. The rating system that estimates the earthquake magnitude or the size of the seismic waves released by an earthquake is called the Richter scale. 21. The Mercalli scale would most likely be used to tell how much earthquake damage was done to homes and other buildings. 22. Geologists know that wherever plate movement stores energy in the rock along faults, earthquakes are likely. 23. Geologists obtain indirect evidence about Earth’s interior by recording and studying seismic waves. 24. The correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth’s layers is crust, mantle, outer core, inner core 25. Earth’s inner core is a dense ball of solid metal. 26. Earth’s mantle is a layer of hot rock. 27. Rock that forms from the cooling of magma below the surface or lava at the surface is called igneous rock. 28. Igneous rock that formed from lava that erupted onto Earth’s surface is called extrusive rock. 29. The most abundant intrusive rock in the continental crust is granite. 30. The process by which rock is broken down is weathering. 31. The process by which sediment is carried away by water or wind is erosion. 32. The process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it is deposition. 33. The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together is cementation. 34. What are the steps to needed to change granite to sandstone? weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation 35. Metamorphic rock forms deep underground. 36. Heat and pressure deep beneath Earth’s surface can change any rock into metamorphic rock. 37. A series of processes on Earth’s surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another is called the rock cycle. 38. During the rock cycle, a collision between two continental plates could force one plate down toward the heat of the mantle, producing metamorphic rock.