University:
College
Course:
College Physics
Academic year:

2021
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2
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komolecjm

Name: _____________ANSWER KEY________________ Date: ______________________________ Period: _______ Radioactivity and Half-Lives Review Worksheet 1. What is the difference between radioactivity and nuclear radiation? Radioactivity is the process of nuclear decay (an unstable isotope emitting energy/a particle to become more stable). Nuclear radiation is that energy or particle being emitted. 2. Which type of radiation can be blocked by… a. A piece of paper? alpha b. A piece of wood? beta c. A large block of concrete? gamma Extension opportunity: Why? What do we know about the size of each type of particle that affects their ability to pass through materials? Alpha particles are the largest, so they move the slowest and cannot penetrate objects as easily. Gamma particles are the smallest and have no charge, so they penetrate more easily. 3. What is a half-life? The time it takes for half of the material you started with to decay. 4. If we start with 400 atoms of a radioactive substance, how many would remain after one halflife? 200 After 2 half-lives? 100 After 3 half-lives? 50 After 4 half-lives? 25 5. If we start with 16 grams of a substance, how much will remain after 3 half-lives? 16  8  4  2 2 grams after 3 half-lives. 6. A sample of carbon-14 has been decaying for 22,920 years and is now 35.0 grams. What was the size of the original sample? (The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years) 22920/5730 = 4 half lives You will need to work backwards 35  70  140  280  560. grams 7. How old is a skeleton sample if the current amount of carbon in the bones is 3.125%? (Assume you started with 100%) 100%  50  25  12.5  6.25  3.125 5 half lives x 5,730 = 28,650 years 8. If you started with 120 grams of a radioactive substance, and now you have 15 grams, how many half-lives have passed? 120  60  30  15 3 half-lives 9. The half-life of isotope X is 2.0 years. How many years would it take for a 4.0 mg sample of isotope X to decay and have only 0.50 mg of it remain? 4.0  2.0  1.0  0.50 3 half lives x 2 years = 6.0 years 10. The half-life of Po-218 is three minutes. How much of a 200 atom sample will remain after 15 minutes? 15 minutes/3 = 5 half lives 200  100  50  25  12.5  6.25 atoms 11. The half-life of Au-198 is 2.69 days. How long does it take a 180g sample to decay to 1/8 its original mass? 1  ½  ¼  1/8 3 half lives x 2.69 days = 8.07 days 12. What is the half-life of a radioactive sample if 100.0 grams of it decays to 12.5 grams in 24.3 hours? 100  50  25  12.5 24.3/3 half lives = 8.10 hours 13. How long will it take a sample of 131I to decay to 12.5% assuming its half-life is 8.07 days? 100%  50  25  12.5 3 half lives x 8.07 = 24.2 days 14. Sodium-25 was to be used in an experiment, but it took 3.0 minutes to get the sodium from the reactor to the laboratory. If 5.0 mg of sodium-25 was removed from the reactor, how many mg of sodium-25 were placed in the reaction vessel 3.0 minutes later if the half-life of sodium-25 is 60 seconds? 3 minutes / 60 seconds = 3 half lives 52.5  1.25  0.625mg 15. Actinium-226 have a half-life of 29 hours. If 10.0 g of actinium-226 disintegrates over a period of 145 hours, how many mg of actinium-226 will remain? **You need to do dimensional analysis to solve this one! ** 145 / 29 = 5 half lives 0.3125 g x 103 mg = 312.5 mg 1g 10.0g  5.0  2.5  1.25  0.625  0.3125g