University:
College
Course:
College Rehabilitation Medicine
Academic year:

2023
Views:

13

Pages:

2
Author:

Ramy S

ANEMIA Definition ↓ Oxygen carrying capacity of blood due to decrease RBC’s or decrease hemoglobin content Discuss blood indices indifferent types of anemia? Normocytic Normochromic Anemia • ↓Number • Normal MCV MCV = Hematocrit Value X 10 = 80-95 u3 RBC’s count • Normal MCH MCH = Microcytic Hypochromic (Iron Deficiency Anemia) • ↓Number • ↓ MCV < 80 u3 • ↓ MCH < 25 pg Macrocytic Anemia (Megaloblastic Anemia) • ↓ number • ↑ MCV >95 u3 Hb content x 10 =25-32 pg RBC's count Causes Causes: 1- Hemolytic Anemia (↑breakdown) → causes jaundice • Iron Deficiency A- Intrinsic disorder: • Thalassemia • Hereditary spherocytosis (see later) • G-6-PD deficiency (see later) • Sickle cell anemia (see later) B- Extrinsic disorder: • Bacterial toxins • Chemicals • Drugs • Erythroblastosis fetalis • Incompatible blood transfusion C- Hemorrhagic Anemia due to acute (sudden, rapid) Blood Loss • Body replaces plasma in 2 days → diluted blood • RBCs within 4 -8 weeks D- Aplastic Anemia (↓all blood cells) Causes: Bone Marrow Depression due to X ray , irradiation Causes: • Vitamin B12 deficiency • Folic acid deficiency Causes of vitamin B12 deficiency: due to failure of absorption, not due to deficiency in diet except in vegetarians. • Absence of intrinsic factor (Pernicious anemia): familial disease of elderly women (immune reaction against parietal cells → cell destruction →↓HCL , intrinsic factor) • Gastrectomy • ↓ Absorption: diseases of lower ileum (distal small intestine) • ↓ store: Liver diseases: ➢ Effect of deficiency: Macrocytic anemia (bigger irregular fragile cells) & Neurological symptoms ➢ Treatment: Vitamin B12 injection. 0 Causes of folic acid deficiency: • ↓ Intake (dietary deficiency)/ ↑need (pregnancy) • ↓ Absorption→ Diseases of small intestine. • Treatment of cancers with antifolate cytotoxic drugs (methotrexate) Causes of iron deficiency: 1- ↓ intake 2- ↓absorption • Partial gastrectomy (↓ HCl) (achlorhydria), Vitamin C deficiency, • ↑Phytic acid, oxalates, and phosphates in diet • Diseases of duodenum 3- Chronic blood loss: ancylostomiases, bleeding peptic ulcer, piles, excessive menstruation 1