Medical Student Anatomy & Embryology Booklet

Practical Training Booklet (GENERAL HUMAN ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY) 1ST YEAR MEDICAL STUDENT SOHAG FACULTY OF MEDICINE 2022/2023 0 General Anatomy Answer the followings Proximal means: a. In front b. In back c. Near the root d. Upper e. Lower Which of the following types of joints are associated with the growth plate? a. fibrous b. synovial c. primary cartilaginous d. Secondary cartilaginous e. None of the above In what joint is the root of a tooth attached to a periodontal ligament and held into a tooth socket? a. gomphosis b. suture c. syndesmosis d. serrate suture e. diarthrosis Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as ________ bones: a. irregular b. sesamoid c. flat d. short e. Pneumatic The connective tissue that surrounds muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together is ……… a. superficial fascia b. internal fascia c. deep fascia d. dermis About 2nd cartilaginous joints , one is true: a. They are united by hyaline cartilage. B. They are called (synchondrosis). c. They are called (symphysis). D. They are present where epiphysis unite with diaphysis e. They disappear after puberty All of the following about hinge type of joints are true EXCEPT: a. Their movements are permitted in one plane . b. They are uniaxial joints. c. They are present in elbow joint d. They are biaxial joints. e. It has two movements Contraction of muscle to prevent unwanted movement of the prime movers(complement the action) is called: a. Agonist b. Antagonistic. Synergist d. Fixator e. None of the above Extension means: a. Decreasing the angle between two parts. b. Increasing the angle between body parts. c. Moving away from the median plane of the body d. Moving toward the median plane of the body e. None of the above Where is a fixed (immovable) joint located? a. Hip b. Knee c. Skull d. Finger e. shoulder Superficial fascia is present and dense in a. eyelids b. scrotum c. penis d .Palm e .ear The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except: a. palms facing posterior b. thumbs pointing laterally 1 c. face pointing anteriorly d. body standing upright An organ is both for respiratory and digestive system: a. Esophagus c. Intestine b. trachea d. pharynx All synovial joints are __________. A. immoveable B. freely moveable C. Slightly moveable What is a joint? A. The cushion between two bones B. Where two bones meet and move C. The outer coating of the bone D. The hard part of a skeleton The pulmonary circulation A. B. C. D. carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium carries blood from the left ventricle to the body and back to the right atrium supplies blood with a high oxygen level to all tissues of the body veins carry blood with a low oxygen level Small arteries are called _______. a. b. c. d. Arterioles venules capillaries pulmonary arteries Striated or skeletal muscle responsible for voluntary movement is under the control of the: A. B. C. D. Somatic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system All of the above When a skeletal muscle contracts to cause a given movement, the relatively stationary end of attachment of the muscle is termed its 2 a. b. c. d. origin insertion antagonist. belly For the following muscle shapes, which one is fan shaped muscles? a) b) c) d) fusiform parallel convergent pennate There are around how many bones in the adult skeleton? a. 106 b. 206 C. 66 Each spinal segment gives rise to A. B. C. D. four spinal nerves three spinal nerves two spinal nerves five spinal nerves CNS refers to which of the following? A. B. C. D. E. F. The cerebral nervous system consisting solely of the brain The central nervous system consisting of the brain and motor neurons A technique used in neuroimaging The cerebral nervous system consisting of the brain, spinal cord and retinas A component of the PNS The central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord Which one of the following structures is NOT found in the central nervous system? A. B. C. D. E. Spinal cord Thalamus Pons Basal ganglia Dorsal root ganglia The shoulder and hip joints are of this type. a. ball-and-socket b. pivot 3 c. saddle d. gliding About Skin all are true EXCEPT a. b. c. d. superficial layer called the epidermis deep layer called the dermis dermis is avascular part dermis contains sweat glands A joint that allows biaxial motion only is the a. b. c. d. hinge joint pivot joint condyloid joint gliding joint The periosteum. a. lines the inner cavity of the long bone and contains blood vessels b. covers the outer surface of the bone and contains fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and nerve endings c. is found woven within spongy bone d. covers the ends of a long bone to cushion it Which division of the nervous system initiates a response known as fight or flight? A. B. C. D. The sympathetic nervous system The parasympathetic nervous system The somatic nervous system None of the above The correct term for the end of a bone is: A. B. C. D. The terminal ileum The diaphysis The epiphysis The xiphoid When a Student puts out his hand to receive money from his father, which pair of actions is involved? a. pronation and rotation b. flexion and abduction 4 c. flexion and inversion d. extension and supination Which of the following is not characteristic of all synovial joints? A. B. C. D. E. meniscus articular cartilage joint capsule synovial membrane synovial fluid Identify the different parts in synovial joints 5 Identify the different shapes of muscles 6 Identify the different parts of the heart Identify the different7 parts of the Spinal nerve Identify the different parts of the respiratory system Identify the different parts of the large intestine 8 Embryology Identify the different parts of the digestivesystem Identify the different types of bones 9 Identify the different types of joints Identify types of vertebrae 10 Identify different parts of the female genital system The function(s) of the digestive system is (are) 11 A) B) C) D) to ingest food to absorb nutrient molecules to eliminate indigestible remains all of the above The ______ conducts the chewed bolus of food from the pharynx to the stomach. A. B. C. D. esophagus trachea intestine glottis The lumen of the digestive tract is lined with ______ . a. b. c. d. serosa mucosa submucosa muscularis The large intestine consists of the ______ . A) B) C) D) colon cecum rectum colon, cecum, rectum, and anus What human organ system is responsible for exchanging gases with the outside environment? A) B) C) D) respiratory system endocrine system excretory system circulatory system Skeletal muscle fibers are ______ . A) B) C) D) smooth striated spindle-shaped fragmented The _____ system transports nutrients and oxygen to cells and removes their waste. A) B) C) D) digestive circulatory excretory respiratory The circulatory system has ______ types of blood vessels. A) one 12 B) C) D) two three four What is the function of valves in veins? A) B) C) Valves increase the rate of blood flow. Valves prevent the backward flow of blood. Valves only occur in the heart. The largest artery in the systemic circuit is the ______ . A) B) C) D) anterior vena cava pulmonary vein aorta femoral artery The lymphatic system _________. A) B) C) D) takes up excess tissue fluid and returns it to the bloodstream absorbs fats in the intestinal villi and transports them to the bloodstream helps to defend the body against disease does all of the above The __________ convey(s) urine from the kidneys toward the bladder. A) B) C) D) urethra nephrons prostate gland ureters The __________ extend(s) from the urinary bladder to an external opening. A) B) C) D) ureter renal arteries urethra glomerulus In the central nervous system, the brain and spinal cord are protected by membranes known as the _________ as well as cushioned by cerebrospinal fluid. A) B) C) D) meninges vesicles tendons peritoneum The ________ glands lie atop the kidneys. 13 A) B) C) D) pituitary growth adrenal thyroid The vas deferens empties sperm into the _______. A) B) C) D) urinary bladder urethra penis prostate gland Write the correct sequence of the pathway through which air travels after entering the body. A. B. C. D. Larynx, pharynx, trachea bronchioles Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles Pharynx, larynx, bronchioles, trachea Pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchioles The structure that connects muscles to bones is the ______ a) b) c) d) Aponeurosis Fascicle Tendon ligament There are ………….pairs of cranial nerves and ……..pairs of spinal nerves . a) b) c) d) 12, 13, 13, 12, 31 31 32 3 Which category of bone is among the most numerous in the skeleton? a. long bone b. sesamoid bone c. short bone d. flat bone Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as ________ bones: 14 A. B. C. D. irregular sesamoid flat short Sesamoid bones are found embedded in ________. A. B. C. D. joints muscles ligaments tendons Most of the bones of the arms and hands are long bones; however, the bones in the wrist are categorized as ________. A. B. C. D. flat bones short bones sesamoid bones irregular bones The type of joint that is distinguished by having a fluid-filled joint cavity is a ______________ joint. A. B. C. D. fibrous cartilaginous synovial suture The greatest range of motion is provided by the A. B. C. D. pivot joint ball-and-socket joint saddle joint condyloid join Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system? a. b. c. d. support manufacture of red blood cells protection synthesis of growth hormones The layer of the body just under (or deep to) the skin is called: 15 A. B. C. D. E. deep fascia epimysium an aponeurosis superficial fascia epineurium Which of the following planes of the body divides it into upper and lower parts? (a) Sagittal (b) Transverse (c) Frontal (d) Vertical.. All are true about the deep fascia EXCEPT: a. It is a thin membrane located deep to the superficial fascia. b. It is absent in the abdomen. c. It is an inelastic sheath for the muscles. d. It is thin in the palm of the hand. d. More mobile The smooth muscles are present all of the following EXCEPT: a. Urinary bladder. c. Intestine. b. Limbs. d. Gall bladder. As regard the lymph vessels: A- Thin walled and beaded B- Thick wall and beaded C- Carry the lymph to the spleen D- Carry the lymph to liver What is the circulatory system? 16 A. The body's breathing system B. The body's system of nerves C. The body's food-processing system D. The body's blood-transporting system Regarding the artery, following are true except: a. Has thick walls b. Contains oxygenated blood c. Contains valves d. Can anastomose with other arteries Regarding the lymph nodes, following are true except: a. Part of the immune system b. Filter the foreign particles c. Each node has an afferent and an efferent d. When get blocked, the blood accumulates in the tissue From the following selections, identify the directional terms equivalent to ventral, posterior, superior, and inferior in the correct sequence. a. b. c. d. anterior, dorsal, cephalic, caudal dorsal, anterior, caudal, cephalic caudal, cephalic, anterior, posterior cephalic, caudal, posterior, anterior The female urethra is about …. cm long: a. 4. b.10. c. 15. d. 20 The smooth muscles are present all of the following EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. Urinary bladder. Limbs. Intestine. Stomach. Developmental anatomy 17