Cardiovascular Pathology: Understanding Embolism and Infarction

PATHOLOGY Semester 2 , CVS , Lecture 3 MCQ CVS Pathology - Lecture 3 - MCQ Dr Mustafa Elsudani 1. Circulation and impaction of insoluble material in the circulation is called:a) Toxemia b) Infarction c) Embolus d) Boil e) Apoptosis 2. Embolus means:a) Detached intravascular solid, liquid or gaseous mass that is carried by the blood to a site distant from its point of origin b) Detached intravascular solid mass only that is carried by the blood to a site distant from its point of origin c) Only intravascular insoluble liquid that is carried by the blood to a site distant from its point of origin d) Only intravascular gas that is carried by the blood to a site distant from its point of origin e) None of the above 3. Which of the followings is not a type of embolus:a) Air b) Thrombotic c) Amniotic fluid d) Virus e) Fat 1 4. The commonest type of emboli is:a) Fat emboli b) Air emboli c) Thrombotic d) Parasitic e) Tumor 5. An embolus rising from a thrombus in the leg vein will be impacted in:a) Lung b) Heart c) Kidney d) Brain e) Liver 6. Emboli which impact in the arterial side of the circulation generally originate from:a) Right atrium b) Right ventricle c) Leg veins d) Pelvic veins e) Left side of the heart 7. An embolus in the arterial system may originate from:a) Atheroma in pulmonary artery b) Infarct of left ventricle c) A venous thrombus in patient with normal heart d) A prosthetic pulmonary valve e) Air entering a venous cannula 2 8. When a left ventricular mural thrombus develops, embolism may result in all of the following organs except:a) Brain b) Kidneys c) Lungs d) Small intestine e) Spleen 9. The effect of the detached non-septic thrombus depends mainly on:a) The organ affected b) The size of the vessel in which the thrombus formed c) The size of the detached thrombus d) All of the above e) None of the above 10.The commonest source of pulmonary emboli is:a) Thrombosed varicose veins b) Deep veins of the leg (DVT) c) Thrombophlebitis d) Puerperal sepsis e) Osteomyelitis 11.If the following events are placed in correct order which will come fourth:a) Major abdominal surgery b) Deep venous thrombosis c) Embolization d) Pulmonary infarction e) Stasis in the calf veins 3 12.If the following events are placed in their correct order which will come fourth:a) Pulmonary infarction b) Prolonged bed rest c) Pulmonary embolism d) Deep vein thrombosis e) Fracture neck of femur 13.If the following events are placed in their correct order which will come fourth:a) Pyemic abscess in the lung b) Septic thrombophlebitis c) Leg wound d) Septic emboli e) Septic inflammation of the wound 14.Sequelae of pulmonary embolism include all of the followings except:a) Sudden death b) Pulmonary infarction c) Pulmonary HTN d) Right sided HF e) Interstitial emphysema 15.Fracture of long bones of the lower limb predispose to:a) Air embolism. b) Fat embolism. c) Nitrogen embolism. d) Parasitic embolism e) Tumor embolism 4 16.An 18 year old male has fracture femur. 48 hours later he felt pain in the chest with dyspnea, cyanosis and hemoptysis. Then he died. The most possible cause of death is:a) Chronic venous congestion of the lung b) Fat embolism in pulmonary artery c) Myocardial infarction d) Thrombotic pulmonary embolism e) Chronic heart failure 17.The most common cause of clinically significant fat embolism is:a) Abdominal surgery b) Pancreatitis c) Diabetes insipidus d) Fracture of long bones e) Traumatized fatty liver 18.During routine vaginal delivery of a term infant, A 23 year old female with an uncomplicated pregnancy developed sudden dyspnea with cyanosis and hypotension. The most probable cause is:a) Fat embolism b) Thromboembolism c) Gas embolism d) Amniotic fluid embolism e) Foreign body embolism 19.Each of the following pairs is correctly associated except:a) Air embolism – Deep sea diving b) Multiple aseptic arterial embolism – Pyemic abscesses c) Fat embolism – Fracture of long bones d) Amniotic fluid embolism – Child birth e) Venous embolism – post operative state 5 20- What is ischemic death (necrosis) of tissues:a) Ischemia b) Infarction c) Atheroma d) Caisson disease e) Embolism 21.Infarction occurs due to:a) Sudden incomplete obstruction of blood supply b) Gradual complete obstruction of blood supply c) Sudden complete obstruction of blood supply d) All of the above 22.All of the following cause infarction except:a) Local arterial obstruction b) Thrombosis c) Atherosclerosis d) Diminished clotting factors e) Embolism 23.The following are factors that influence the development of an infarct except:a) The nature of vascular supply b) The rate at which occlusion develops c) Vulnerability to hypoxia d) Race and geographic distribution e) Acute local vascular obstruction 6 24.Myocardial infarction:a) Liquefactive necrosis b) Coagulative necrosis c) Fibrinoid necrosis d) Caseous necrosis e) Fat necrosis 25.Which of the following tissues undergoes liquefaction when infarcted:a) Kidney b) Lung c) Heart d) Brain e) Spleen 26.Red infarction is seen in:a) Coronary artery thrombosis b) Renal artery thrombosis c) Thrombosis of superior mesentric artery d) Embolization of splenic artery e) All of the above 27.Red infarction occurs in the following sites except:a) Heart b) Intestine c) Brain d) Lung e) None of the above 7 28.Most infarcts of the kidney are ultimately replaced by:a) Cystic cavities b) Calcium deposits c) Granulomatous inflammation d) Regenerated parenchyma e) Scar tissue 29.Venous infarction may follow:a) Coronary artery thrombosis b) Obstruction of renal artery by an embolus c) Testicular vein occlusion d) Septic embolus in the lung e) Episode of hypotension 30.A venous infarction would be most likely to occur in:a) Kidney. b) Heart. c) Spleen. d) Ovary. e) All of the above. 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c a d c a e d c d b 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 c c d e b b d d b b 9 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 c d d b d c a e c d