Drug Routes & Eye Effects

Revision General Pharmacology Aya abulwafa 1- Parenteral route of drug administration include all of the following except: A) Intramuscular. B) Subcutaneous. C) Intrathecal. D) Sublingual. 2-All of the following are advantages of sublingual administration Except: A) Needs special experience for administration. B) Rapid onset of action. C) Bypasses first pass effects in liver. d) The effect of the drug could be terminated by spitting out the tablet. 3- Advantages of the I.V route include all of the following Except: A) Has the most rapid onset of action. B) Suitable for oily solution. C) Suitable for large volume of drugs. d) Suitable for irritating drug solution . 4- All of the following are characteristic of oral route Except: A) Is the least expensive among the other routes B) Needs highly purified form of the drug. C) May give an inconsistent rate of absorption . D) May lead to gastric irritation and vomiting. 5- sublingual drug administration has the following advantages Except: A) It avoid first pass metabolism . B) Rapid onset of action. C) It is suitable for unconscious patients. D) Large surface area of absorption. 6- which of the following is among the limitations for the use of drugs I.M : A) Oily solutions. B) Moderate volumes of drugs. C) Anticoagulant therapy. D) Suspensions. 7- Advantages of inhalational route of administration include all the following except: A) Wide area of absorption. B) Self administration is possible. C) Suitable for irritant drugs. D) Rapid access to the circulation. 8- Regarding subcutaneous route of drug administration ,it is convenient for: A) large volume. B) Suspension form of drugs. C) Highly irritant drugs. D) Emergency conditions. 9- Enteral route of drug administration include all the following except: A) Oral. B) Rectal. C) Intrathecal. D) Sublingual. 10- Drug administration via mucus membrane include all the following dosage forms except: A) Nasal spray. B) Suppositories. C) Volatile liquid inhalation . D) Subcutaneous pellets. 11- regarding ampoule dosage form ONE of the following statements is incorrect: A) Could be used by I.V injection. B) Contain multiple doses. C) Contain sterile solution. D) Contain only one dose. 12- one of the following routes of administration characterized by very rapid onset of action: A) Subcutaneous implantation. B) Oral administration of tablets . C) I.M injection. D) Sublingual administration . 13- the most suitable method for drug administration in patient with hypertensive emergency is: A) Subcutaneous administration . B) Oral administration . C) I.M injection. D) I.V injection. 14- subcutaneous administration is the most suitable when the drug is: A) Highly irritant. B) Available in a suspension form. C) To be administrated in large volume. D) To be administrated in an emergency state. 15-Orally administrated magnesium sulphate to a rat produces one of the following effects: A) loss righting reflex. B) Purgative effect. C) Slow and shallow respiration. D) Constipation. 16- All of the following dosage forms are used topically except: A) Elixirs. B) creams. C) Lotions. D) Dusting powder. 17- Concerning injectable formulations, all the following are true except: A) There are sterile liquid solutions or suspensions. B) Ampoules are usually intended for single dose use. C) Vials are usually intended for multi dose use. D) Suspensions can sometimes be injected I.V. 18- Concerning the dose response curve, all of the following are true except: A) A competitive antagonist shifts the curve to the right. B) A non competitive antagonist shifts the curve to the left and downwards. C) A competitive antagonist does not affect the height of the curve. D) A non competitive antagonist shifts the curve to the right and downwards. 19- all of the following are examples of phase 1 metabolic reactions except : A) Hydroxylation of phenytoin. B) Reduction of chloramphenicol. C) Acetylation of isoniazid . D) Hydrolysis of procaine. 20- Regarding drug potency, ONE of the following statements is correct: A) A drug is more potent when it produces a certain response in a smaller dose. B) It is the most important character of the doseresponse curve. C) LD50 is used to compare the potency of the drugs. D) A drug of high potency is less economic . 21- regarding dose-response curve ,all of the following are correct except: A) The slope gives a good idea about the drug safety. B) A steeper slope indicates that the ratio between toxic and therapeutic dose is small. C) Efficacy is the maximal effect produced by the drug after which there is no increase in response even if the dose is increased. D) Biological variability in drug action is not common among individuals. 22-Concerning the parameters of a dose-response curve, which one of the following is correct regarding a more potent drug? A) It has a larger median effective dose. B) It has a higher biological variation. C) It has a greater biological activity per unit weight . D) It has a higher magnitude of effects. 23- In a dose-response curve ,all the following statements are correct except: A) A drug is considered more efficient, if it has more maximal effect. B) A drug is considered less efficient, if it has lower ceiling effect. C) A drug is considered safe, if it has a steeper slope. D) A drug is considered safe, if it has a less steep slope. 24- phenobarbitone was injected into group of mice for seven consecutive days. On the 8th day thiopental sodium was injected and the sleeping time was recorded and compared to saline treated control group. One of the following observations was recorded: A) The sleeping time was less that of control group . B) The sleeping time was more prolonged than that of control group. C) The sleeping time was equal to that of control group. D) Thiopental does not produce hypnosis in all animals. 25- In an experiment 3 groups of rats were I.P injected by thiopental, group 1 was starved for 24 hours prior to thiopental, group 2 was injected daily by an I.P injection of phenobarbital while group 3 was left as a control. Thiopental will have the longest duration of general anesthesia in which one of these groups: A) Group 1. B) Group 2. C) Group 3. D) The same duration in all groups. 26- Your answer in the previous question was based on one of the following : A) Starvation induce the liver microsomal enzymes. B) Starvation inhibits the liver microsomal enzymes. C) Phenobarbitone inhibits the liver microsomal enzymes. D) Phenobarbitone induces the liver microsomal enzymes. 27- In a group of mice injected with hexobarbital, the sleeping time of mice was remarkably shortened. It was concluded that these mice might have been: A) Pretreated with phenytoin. B) Previously starved for a long period. C) Pretreated with an enzyme inhibitor . D) Infected with schistosomiasis. 28- Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes: A) Require increase the dose of some drugs . B) Require decrease the dose of some drugs . C) Prolongs the duration of action of a drug. D) Intensifies the unwanted reaction of a drug. 29- Three mice injected were given thiopental by different routes. the first one was given the drug by I.P injection, the second was given I.M and the third one was given I.V. which mouse loses its right reflex first? A) First mouse. B) Second mouse. C) Third mouse. D) None of the above. 30- In the previous question which mouse regained its conscious last: A) First mouse. B) Second mouse. C) Third mouse. D) None of the above 31- Drug A produces a lowering in the blood pressure by 30% in a dose of 5 mg/kg while drug B produces a lowering in the blood pressure by 30% in a dose of 25 mg/kg . select the false answer: A) Drug B is 5 times more potent than drug A. B) Drug A is 5 times more potent than drug B. C) The 2 drugs may have the same efficacy. D) This experiment alone cannot give an idea about the biological variability. 32- A non-safe drug is characterized by one of the following: A) A flat slope. B) A higher therapeutic index. C) A wide margin of safety. D) A small ratio between the therapeutic dose and the toxic dose. 33- In the dose response curve; using logarithm of the dose affords the following advantages except: A) The curve can display a narrower range of doses. B) The relationship is displayed as a straight line. C) Mathematical and statistical calculations are easier. D) Calculation of error is easier. 34- The following factors or agents inhibit the liver microsomal enzyme system except: A) Phenytoin. B) Malnutrition. C) Irradiation. D) Hepatic disease. Ocular administration of homatropine- 35 :produces mydriasis due to A) Stimulation of cholinergic receptors in the .circular muscle fibers of the iris B) Blockade of cholinergic receptors in the .circular muscle of the iris .C) Paralysis of circular muscles of the iris .D) No action on the radial muscles of the iris 36-Regarding Accommodation reflex all of the following are true except: A) is produced by the action on the ciliary muscle. B) is abolished by the action of of muscarinic antagonists. C) is usually accompanied by mydriasis. D) is due to increase in lens convexity. 37-Two drops of a 1% solution of physostigmine were instilled in the right eye of a rabbit. Into the left eye of the same rabbit: two drops of saline are instilled. The following change was observed: a) light reflex is abolished only on the right eye. b) pupil size of the right eye is much less of the left eye. c) no change in the pupil size was observed in either eye. d) pupil size was much less in the left eye. 38- A test drug was instilled in the rabbit eye. The pupil size is decreased and light congestion was observed in the eye blood vessels and the drug produced eye lid twitches the drug most probably: a) cyclogel b) carbacol c) physostigmine d) atropine 39)You have based your answer in the last question on that: a) all these drugs are cholinomimetics. b) the drug you selected acts on both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. c) the drug you selected acts only on muscarinic receptors. d) all these drugs act on muscarinic receptors. 40- Dr Ali instilled ephedrine & atropine into right & left rabbit eyes respectively. By the end of experiment he forget in which eye instilled ephedrine & atropine. He done test to discriminate: a) the right eye is insensitive to light reflex. b) the left eye is insensitive to light reflex. c) the right eye is insensitive to touching by apiece of cotton. d) the left eye was more congested. 41- Active mydriasis is produced by the drugs which: a) stimulate the dilator papillae. b) stimulate constrictor papillae. c) stimulate ciliary muscle. d) paralyze constrictor papillae. 42-In a rabbit: Pilocarpine was instilled into the right eye and cocaine HCL was instilled into the left eye. The following change was observed: A) Abolishment of the light reflex in the right eye. B) Elevation in intraocular pressure is observed in the right eye. C) Corneal reflex was intact in both eyes. D) Loss of corneal reflex in the left eye. 43- Two drops of 1% solution of physostigmine were instilled into the right eye of a rabbit. Into the left eye of the same rabbit; homatropine was administered. The following change was observed: A) Light reflex was abolished in both eyes. B) Light reflex was abolished in the left eye. C) No change in the pupil size was observed in either eye. D) Pupil size was much less in the left eye. 44-In another rabbit: physostigmine was instilled into the left eye and phenylepherine was instilled into the right eye. The following changes was noticed: A) Loss of light reflex in the right eye. B) Loss of light reflex in the left eye. C) Decrease in the pupil size of the left eye. D) Loss of corneal reflex in both eyes. 45-In another rabbit: physostigmine was instilled into the left eye and phenylepherine was instilled into the right eye. The following changes was noticed: A) Loss of light reflex in the right eye. B) Loss of light reflex in the left eye. C) Decrease in the pupil size of the left eye. D) Loss of corneal reflex in both eyes. 46-In a third rabbit: in the right eye epinepherine was administered while, in the left eye two drops of saline (0.9% NaCL) solution were instilled. The following changes was observed EXCEPT: A- Pupil size of the right eye was larger than that of the left eye. B- Light reflex was not abolished in right eye. C- Light reflex was intact in left eye. D- Light reflex was abolished only in the right eye. 47-Beta adrenergic antagonist reduces the IOP by: a) increase drainage of aqueous humor. b) increase the rate of formation of aqueous humor. c) decrease the rate of biosynthesis of aqueous humor. d) both a&b. Thanks