Hemorrhage and Edema: Exploring Pathological Mechanisms

PATHOLOGY Semester 2 , CVS , Lecture 2 MCQ CVS Pathology - Lecture 2 - MCQ Dr Mustafa Elsudani 1. The best definition of gangrene is:a) Necrosis of tissue caused by ischemia b) Necrosis of tissue caused by bacterial toxins c) Gas production in dead tissue d) Digestion of living tissue by saprophytic bacteria e) Digestion of dead tissue by saprophytic bacteria 2. Gangrene is necrosis plus:a) Hemorrhage b) Putrefaction c) Caseation d) Calcification e) Fibrosis 3. Dry gangrene is possible in:a) Kidney b) Myocardium c) Brain d) Soft tissues of lower extremities e) In all enumerated localizations 4. All the following are true of dry gangrene except:a) Common in lower limbs b) Results from occlusion of both the artery and vein of the limb c) The affected part is mummified d) The gangrenous process advances slowly e) Toxemia is mild 1 5. Which of the followings is true of dry gangrene:a) It is usually due to sudden cut of both arterial and venous blood supply b) It affects upper limbs only c) Products of putrefaction are excessive d) Black – Dry – Mummified e) Rapid putrefaction 6. All are characteristic of dry gangrene except:a) Slow progression b) Marked toxemia c) Black discoloration d) Prominent line of demarcation e) Self-separation may occur 7. Which of the followings is true for dry gangrene:a) It’s characterized by rapid putrefaction b) It most commonly affects the intestine due to volvulus c) It occurs in limbs due to arterial obstruction d) Occurs over bony prominences due to old age e) Affected organ is usually red in color due to congestion 8. In case of dry gangrene one of the followings is incorrect:a) Slow putrefaction b) Caused by arterial occlusion c) Severe toxemia d) Prominent line of demarcation e) Only affects limbs 2 9. Which of the following is not true of moist gangrene:a) It’s caused by sudden occlusion of the artery and vein b) It’s most common in extremities c) The affected part is swollen d) Putrefaction is rapid e) No line of demarcation 10.Wet gangrene usually develops in:a) Bowel b) Kidney c) Liver d) Brain e) Myocardium 11.Dry gangrene is differentiated from moist gangrene by that in dry gangrene:a) Is more common in internal organs b) Is caused by gradual occlusion of the artery c) Is a rapid process d) Manifests severe toxemia e) Shows no line of demarcation 12.Contamination of wounds by anaerobic clostridia causes:a) Dry gangrene b) Gas gangrene c) Bed sores d) Diabetic gangrene e) None of the above 3 13.The best definition of edema is:a) Increased fluid inside the cells due to failure of sodium pump b) Collection of blood in tissue spaces c) Increased fluid in interstitial tissue spaces d) All of the above e) None of the above 14.Which of the following doesn’t lead to edema:a) Increased plasma colloid osmotic pressure b) Increased tissue osmotic pressure c) Increased capillary permeability d) Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure e) Lymphatic obstruction 15.An example of generalized edema:a) Acute inflammation b) Chronic inflammation c) Renal edema d) Lymphatic obstruction e) DVT of the leg veins 16.Which of the following isn’t a cause of generalized edema:a) Right ventricular failure b) Nephrotic syndrome c) Inflammatory edema d) Liver cirrhosis e) All of the above 4 17.Cardiac edema “Right sided HF” first appears in:a) Face (periorbital) b) Abdomen c) Feet and ankles d) Brain e) Lungs 18.Edema due to decreased plasma osmotic pressure:a) Post-surgical b) Congestive heart failure c) Post irradiation d) Nephrotic syndrome e) Filariasis 19.Anasarca means:a) Severe and generalized edema b) Interstitial hemorrhage c) Hemothorax d) Hemoperitoneum e) Malignant mesenchymal tumor 20.The term anasarca is used when edema:a) Is generalized b) Occurs in lower limb c) Occurs in peritoneum d) Occurs in the pleura e) Occurs in lung 5 21.Anasarca means:a) Extensive generalized edema involving sub-cutis b) Renal edema c) Local venous obstruction d) Inflammatory edema e) Severe nutritional protein deficiency edema 22.Periorbital edema is a characteristic feature of:a) Renal edema b) Cardiac edema c) Pulmonary edema d) Edema due to lymphatic obstruction e) Hepatic edema 23.Which of the followings is the cause of malnutrition edema:a) Decreased plasma osmotic pressure b) Endothelial damage c) Lymphatic obstruction d) Increased hydrostatic pressure e) Increased vascular permeability 24.Edema due to lymphatic obstruction:a) Malnutrition b) Constrictive pericarditis c) Post-surgical d) Nephrotic syndrome e) Heart failure 6 25.Lymphatic edema is present in the following except:a) Congestive heart failure b) Filariasis c) Post irradiation d) Breast carcinoma e) Post-surgical LN resection 26.Edema of lower limb, commonly seen with:a) Lymphangioma b) Leishmaniasis c) Elephantiasis. d) Bilharziasis e) Madura foot (actinomycosis). 27.Which of the followings is responsible for edema in a patient with right sided “Congestive” heart failure:a) Decreased plasma osmotic pressure b) Endothelial damage c) Lymphatic obstruction d) Increased hydrostatic pressure e) Decreased colloid osmotic pressure 28.Causes of localized edema include the followings except:a) Inflammatory edema b) Congestive heart failure c) Edema with varicose veins d) Filariasis e) Surgical removal of LN 7 29.Fluid collection in pleural cavity is called:a) Hydroarthrosis b) Hydrothorax c) Hydropericardium d) Hydroperitoneum e) Hydrocele 30.All are causes of spontaneous hemorrhage except:a) Atherosclerosis b) Surgical wound c) Hypertension d) TB e) Vit C deficiency 31.Regarding hemorrhage, which is not true:a) Hematoma is 1-2 mm in size b) Petechiae are minute dots of hemorrhage c) Hemopericardium is blood in the pericardium d) Hemoarthrosis is blood in joint cavity e) Repeated loss of small amount of blood causes anemia 32.All are forms of hemorrhage except:a) Ecchymosis b) Hematuria c) Hemochromatosis d) Melena e) Hemoperitoneum 8 33.The followings are true about hematemesis except:a) Vomiting of blood b) The source of blood is esophagus, stomach and duodenum c) The blood is brown (due to HCl digestion), contains food remnants and acidic d) Coughing of blood e) None of the above 34.Melena means:a) Presence of dark digested blood in stool b) Vomiting of blood c) Coughing of blood d) Bleeding from the nose e) Excess melanin pigment 35.Which of the followings is not an example of external hemorrhage:a) Hemothorax b) Hemoptysis c) Hematemesis d) Metrorrhagia e) Epistaxis 36.Internal hemorrhage occurs in all except:a) Pleura b) Pericardium c) Peritoneum d) Urine e) Tunica vaginalis 9 37.Hematocele means hemorrhage into:a) The pleura b) Tunica vaginalis c) The peritoneum d) The pericardium e) Knee joint 38.Types of interstitial hemorrhage include all except:a) Petechiae b) Purpura c) Ecchymosis d) Hemothorax e) Hematoma 39.Swelling due to accumulation of blood in the tissue of body is called:a) Hemothorax b) Petechia c) Hematoma d) Ecchymosis e) Hemoarthrosis 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 e b d b d b c c b a b b C 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 a c c c d a a a a a c a C 11 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 d b b b a c d a a d b d c