University:
College
Course:
Medical Laboratory Science
Academic year:

2023
Views:

42

Pages:

1
Author:

Carlo M.

ANALYSIS OF URINE AND OTHER BODY FLUIDS LABORATORY MACROSCOPIC URINE EXAMINATION OUTLINE • • Introduction Macroscopic Urine Examination o Principle o Materials o Procedure: pH Determination o Procedure: Urinometry o Procedure: Refractometry • INTRODUCTION • • • • The physical examination of urine includes the determination of the urine color, clarity, and specific gravity. Observation of these characteristics provides preliminary information concerning disorders such as glomerular bleeding, liver disease, inborn errors of metabolism, and urinary tract infection. Measurement of specific gravity aids in the evaluation of renal tubular function. The results of the physical portion of the urinalysis also can be used to confirm or to explain findings in the chemical and microscopic areas of urinalysis. pH 8 = alkaline = amorphous phosphate pH 7.5 = slightly acidic = urates MACROSCOPIC URINE EXAMINATION PRINCIPLE • pH 5 1. MATERIALS • • • • • • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. Urine Specimen Urine Container Reagent Strip (determination of pH) / pH meter News paper/any printed material (for turbidity) Urinometer Refractometer 3. PROCEDURE: pH DETERMINATION 1. Dip the reagent strip briefly into a well-mixed uncentrifuged urine specimen at room temperature. Remove excess urine by touching the edge of the strip to the container as the strip is withdrawn. Blot the edge of the strip on a disposable absorbent pad. Wait for the specified amount of time for the reaction to occur. Compare the color reaction of the strip pads to the manufacturer’s color chart in good lighting MULTISTIX COMPARISON TABLE: • PROCEDURE: URINOMETRY 4 parameters - glucose, sg, pH, protein o Most important Fill the urinometer cylinder with the urine about 3/4 full. Float the urinometer in to it (spinning or rotating the urinometer to avoid touching the sides and bottom of the cylinder) Read the specific gravity at the lower meniscus of the urinometer. PROCEDURE: REFRACTOMETRY 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Clean the surface of the cover and prism with a damp cloth and then dry. (Water and cotton can be used) Close the cover and apply a drop of urine to the notched bottom of the cover so that it flows over the prism surface by capillary action. Point the instrument towards the light source at an angle that gives optimum contrast. Rotate the eyepiece until the scale is in focus. Read directly on the specific gravity scale the sharp dividing line between light and dark. Repeat the entire procedure with a second drop of urine from the same sample