U.S. History Period 5 1844-1877

Period 5: 1844-1877) Timeline: ● 1845 - Manifest destiny ○ Belief that the USA had the divine mission to extend its power and civilization across the breadth of North American during the 1840s. ■ Drove nationalism, population increase, rapid economic growth, technological advances, reform ideas ○ Racial and cultural superiority ○ Main focus of political debate ○ Environmental changes ○ Settlement on Natiev American Lands ■ Conflicts ○ Old immigrants ■ Lived in thnic communities ● Irish into cities ● Germans on frontiers ■ Come to America Pre-Civil war ■ Faced Nativism : anti-catholic and sought to limit their power and influence ● Know-nothing party ○ Established to keep catholics from office ■ ○ Gov’t promoting moving west ■ Homestead Act - 160 acres of cheap land to move out west and settle for 5 years ● 1846 - Mexican - American War : Mexican Cession ○ Started a dispute between Mexico and Texas developed to dispute between the Texan border and the US taken Texas in. ○ James k. Polk was president during this time ● 1847 - Mormons ● 1848 - Treaty of Guadalupe ○ After the Mexican- American war; mexico recognized the Rio Grande as the southern border. ■ USA took over California and New Mexico only paid 15mil ● 1849 - Harriet Tubman ● 1850 - Compromise of 1850 ○ Package of five separate bills ○ Created by Henry Clay to solve the dispute of California being a free or slave state ○ Bill 1 ■ Allowed california to enter as a free state ○ Bill 2 ■ Divided the rest of the territories ○ Bill 3 ■ Ended slave trade in washington DC ■ But slaves were still allow only ended the trade ○ Bill 4 ■ Included strict, fugitive slave laws ○ Bill 5 ■ Settled border dispute between texas and new mexico ● 1850 - Fugitive slave Act ○ ● 1853 - Uncle Tom’s Cabin ○ Written by harriet Beecher Stowe ○ Highlighting the pov that England had on the American Deep South and Slavery. ○ Promoted abolition ● 1854 - Kansas-Nebraska Act ○ Bleeding Kansas ■ Sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-slavery took place in the Kansas-Nebraska land ■ Dispute further strained the relationship between North and South ■ A possible cause leading to the Civil War ● 1857 - Dred Scott Decision ○ Dred Scott v. Standford ■ Supreme court decision which confirmed that the status of slaves is as property rather then citizens. Meaning they can’t use the courts and sue. Leading to the case to be thrown out by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney. ● Whigs and democrats ○ End due to issues about slavery ● 1860 - Election of 1860 ○ Abraham Lincoln wins ■ Was elected due to a free soil platform ● Meaning that slavery would not expand ○ Not delete tho ○ This leads to southern secession ■ South C. secession a month later ● 1860 - Abraham Lincoln ○ 16th president of the US ■ ● 1860-1861 - Southern Secession ○ South C. first to go ○ ● 1861 (April .. ? ) - American Civil war ○ North and South mobilize their economies and societies for war efforts ○ Both do drafts ○ Union war bc ■ Improved military leadership ● Grant and Sherman ■ Effectives strategies ● Anaconda plan ○ South ■ Destroy ● March to the Sea ○ Burned everything down leading not just to armying being weaken but as will as economy ○ ● 1861 (july ???) - First Battle of Bull Run ● 1862 (April) - Battle of Shiloh ● 1862 - Pacific Railway Act ● 1863 (??) - Emancipation Proclamation ○ Issued by Abraham Lincoln that declared that all slaves in the conferderate states would be free ○ Changed the purpose of the war ■ No longer just to preserve the union but as well as fight for freedom ● This helped African American fight in the Union Army ● Helped keep Europe out ● ● 1863 (November) - Gettysburg Address ○ 3 minute address by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War that dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg ○ New birth of freedom ● 1863 - Battle of Gettysburg ○ Battle of the AMerican Civil War (1863) ● 1864 - Lincoln’s 2nd Term ● 1864 - Lincoln Assassinated Reconstruction ● 1865 - 13th Amendment ○ Abolished slavery in the US ● 1867 - Reconstruction Acts ○ Amendments introduce ○ Drastic social and economic change ○ South try to get around by sharecropping ○ Radical Republicans ○ Former slaves grained poltical opporunities ■ Hiram Revels ● First AA elected to congress ○ Waning ■ To reduce ■ North desire to resolve the reconstruction was reduce ● 1868 - President Andrew Johnson impeached ● 1868 - 14th amendment ○ Guaranteed that anyone born in the US was a citizen and that no state could deny anyone laws of the country ● 1868 - Ulysses S. Grant ● 1869 - 15th amendment ○ Gave all citizens the right to vote (expect women ) ■ Elizabeth cady stanton advocated for women too ● 1874 - Panic of 1873 ○ An economic shutdown caused by over speculation of western lands, railroad, California gold rush, ○ Mostly affected northerners who called for higher tariffs and free homesteads ● 1875- Resumption Act ● 1877 - Compromise of 1877 ○ Ended reconstruction ○ Military was withdrawn from the south ○ Hayes becomes president Other Terms to Know: ● Tariff of 1857: ○ Lowered duties on imports as a response to a high treasury surplus and pressure from the southern farmers. ● Lecompton Constitution: ○ Supported the existence of slavery in the proposed state and protection of rights of slave holders ■ Rejected by kansas which eventually made it a free state ● Constitutional Union Party: ○ A former political party in the United States ● Wilmot Proviso: ○ Suggest that all slavery should be ban from the Mexican Terrtoty ○ Did not become a law but become an idea ● Antebellum: ○ Before the war ○ Refers to the south ■ Slavery, crashcropps, large plantations