Lecture Note About Emphysema

Emphysema → is 0 checonic lung disean charachand by abround isecavereile/ dicheter of the air spaces disled to the terminal branchiale. → asspioed with destruitos of their wills but without obvious Classikhola Types of Emphyseme → leshed awarding to its andomic distenbudon 1.) Contriaciner emplysame → dilekhes involve the centred or perosion parts of the own. wherses diskt tot alucoli pared. hence, both emphysendes & pond airspace. pereseal within the sanu Guini and ledule. Site Commn & seves in uppa Cobes especially apical segnuth ؟ arsocicti with checonic in Assorts occurs heavy Skickas bronchits & Cool-workss pharms concess → walls of emphysen often show black pignunt inflemmides around bronck & bronhioles. 2. Ponacines emphysome. All airspars beyond Jermind bronchiale uniformly dietro. dik hon Common in lower lobes sever at bases. Associchon with di antitrypsin defeciney. 3. Distol Geiner (paresepts)) emphyseme. dietan affets the distal airspace at the periphery of whale && proximal portion is hormal → dileted specs known Sponteneous preems thores. an bulbe which may suphar & red to die mon commen Cobules adjacent to sepla, pleure & margins of the → Sever n upper lobe Associchen resulls from forces pulling septe. Ocure adjoint to ateledesis. areas of Abueris, scarring L. Juregulo (scar) emphyseme → Acinus jerregalarly involved & may be asymptomate Lommon form of emphysems. Association occur hear seas & commaly found around old healed infommitry process Elidogy & Pathogenesis → cheer ent assoucher ble heavy cigarette smokry of emphysime observed. & developme → inhelld smoke bouc substorees produse damage to lung & produce → Leeds do dstrucken of my parmchyno. mejor eunt destruction of abuedas will. Factors involved in pathogenesis: 1. Inflombay mudictors & lenkoustes hony inflemmotary Ledrohes sreleased in the long (leukohien, 12-8.TNF) from resident epithelid cells & mucrophages thee al as chemotack Pechors attract inflammatory cells from circulatan & exaggerate inflemmubory losyps preces & produce shevoted charges ( des to growth factors) 2. Prokon - anti puoteose imbdenie injury astuchs & fevons decumables of inflammbryceles, & donug, epethebel cells. → leads to low releen of puokoses → pecoteases donuge connective hasus. Norally demage by pudiares prenanted by Guti puolioses (d, antity) Genet defciency of L. antitrypin normally preced in serum, bilen fled & macrophages. bellove mointind blue paseases & antiperseoses. 2. Auditipsin encoded by gene on Pi locus on the 14. →Pi Iveus 2 allel pdywaphe ✓, entitypsin ؟ individuals homozygore have decreased semom levels of L → inherited autosol recession disade... in these parents, there is ablame of L. anti kypsin advity, excessive digeston of elashe tissues & prodere emphyseme. → donage aggreveded by shoking 3. Oxidetur stars → contents of tobacco suse, deunge to alunod & inflementary cello produce avants they cars further devog do disses. 14. Aismay inpeten not inuched in initiation of emphysema. but hory exacerbate inflemeshery process Morphology uppa 213 of luy sevenly invobed. bulles found in irreguda & destot ar na emphysins. → advanced emphyser produes uduminous lungs → Employee con be seen on boys cut sunfase of formatin-inflated ford buy. → Cung shows abnormally large alveoli separried by thin septe destuen of alveder walls & low of attachments of the alveti pors of kohn enlarged. Aduented disease bullee seen. → inflema bay chorges in shall airings.