Plague and Tularaemia

zoonotic infection (807) Plague (Velsinia pellis) Epidemiology of plague - 1of the greatest killer Iknown to mankind -3 Pandemics iSt •2 (AD541) -100 willion vectons (14th century)-Black death 1/3rd of Europeon population-50 million death Biotype-Antiqua -3rd 1861894 - Hong Kong India - 10 million death Epidemio logical factor * Resed voir- wild rodent, field mice, domestic Rat *Source ofinfection-infeded wild rodent, rat fleas, cases of Premonic plague vector -Rat flea (MC)> acquire infcadion by feeding on infected wild rodent *Mode of transmission Human plague is frequently contracted from -Bite of an infected rat flea - Arect contact witty tissue of forsinfected animal Droplet in halation (M-M) - premonic plague - -Bite of an ufected wman flea Blocked flea- 15in the in Blood meal, the Frea Sualt 0,5 ml of blood containing 5,000 bacilli from ufeded rodents gut of flea this bacalle mullople & may blodh provalos cullus, guch blodhade flea eventually diss os it cam not attain kilood meal. 2) Howones while making an efforts to suit that will Mexre blood in badassa through a bite & transmit the infedion. 3) the pollially blockade of case more dangelove thay complete Zweplent Extensic IP -Inverwal blw flece acquiringtue s becoming blokad flea -cheopis Index - Ainvey No of x.che opis rat - Seo nality - North India (spod sept-moy) South Indi - complete Human plague -clinical types s clinical for us I bulbonic (MC)-30-60% 2) Premonic - 30-100% -always fatal 3) Septicemic 1) Bulbonic plague - Bile of an infected fat flea - Bacilli pass through local lymphatics to read the regional lymph node - where they mally IP-2-7 days - onset is sudden -crasacterized by-faves, malaise, beadache & Painful lymphadenitis Buboes - appeals teuse, tended swelling Regional LN Called Bubses MC sife- inguinal, bulcan also be axillary, cervical & subaxillaly depending on sile of bile Children mc-cervical_axilloly Bulbonic can't spread pelson to polson -without troutment dissemination Red pneumonia (20) & meningits excurs leading to 4 Pneumonic plague - premonic plague se sely from inhalation of bacilli in droplets expelled from person or an animal -IP-1-3 days Sudden onset - level, headache Rs cyemptons rale plague (bul ighly infection & highly fald -Agent of bioterrorism - celosol - Yeselnia pestig especially in nom cydluic region -cheopis Index - Ainvey No of x.che opis rat - Seo nality - North India (spod sept-moy) South Indi - complete Human plague -clinical types s clinical for us I bulbonic (MC)-30-60% 2) Premonic - 30-100% -invariably fatal 3) Septicemic 1) Bulbonic plague - Bile of an infected fat flea - Bacilli pass through local lymphatics to read the regional lymph node - where they mally IP-2-7 days - onset is sudden -crasacterized by-faves, malaise, beadache & Painful lymphadenitis Buboes - appeals teuse, tended swelling Regional LN Called Bubses MC sife- inguinal, bulcan also be axillary, cervical & subaxillaly depending on sile of bile Children mc-cervical_axilloly Bulbonic can't spread pelson to polson -without troutment dissemination Red pneumonia (20) & meningits excurs leading to 4 Pneumonic plague - premonic plague se sely from inhalation of bacilli in droplets expelled from person or an animal -IP-1-3 days Sudden onset - level, headache Rs cyemptons rale plague (bul ighly infection & highly fald -Agent of bioterrorism - celosol - Yeselnia pestig especially in nom cydluic region Treatment Streptomycin Geulamycin. -Levofloxacin -Blatom, macrolids prevention -control of cases I solalion -control of leas - chemoproply laxis Vaccine TULARAEMIA -> Francisella Tularensis → Zoonotic infection & usually sells is interaction with bitting of blood sucking w contaminated food / wales 3) Aerosol Prevalence ) tularensis y holarelica 3) novioida 41 media sialica > ukers glandulas hulasemia -MC 75-85 of total cases characterized by ulcerative lession at the sple of at the sole d Inoculation with regional lymphadenopathy 2) other forms include -pulmonary a culo glandular, Styphoid 18ke sllness 3) Complication -Suppalenive LN, Iiiduly sugall "nepolitis, rhabdomyolysis, empyema pelical ditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis & endo carditis 4 ) Bioterrosi sen highly unfertion cal A LAB cultull - F. tularensis - Ligluls fastidios. -Specimen - ulces scraping SLN BORSY sapely precaution such as biosafety level IⅢ S must be used to handle dinicalspecimens to avoid risk of lab-acquired sufection - specimen iden Aification- VITEK Ab detedion - Agglutination telf & ELISA 3) PCR assery