Basal Ganglia Structures

Basal Ganglia Basal ganglia ore the within the white laege Core masses of grey matter Situated og each cerebral hemisphere and from essential constituents of the extrapyramidal system. It is Decogansal basal nuclei, but commoly used is now bisal ganglia. & Anatomically basal ganglic include: Strictum Corpus Stricatum. Strichum. Claustaum • Amygdaloid body • Functionally basal ganglia inclide: . Substantia nigra Subthalamus • Basal ganglia are essential in ceganising and. coordinating Somatic motor activity activities especially willed movement. * They cas also invdued in automatic stesechiped postusal Reflex motors activity activities such as normal individuals swing their arms. when they coulk • Corpus striatum Situated lateral to thalamus * Topographically almost completely divided into the caudate nuders and the lenti form nudes by a band of neve Abres, the internal capsule Lentifoom nucleus Caudate nucleus -corpus striathm Thalamus Amygdaloid body *Anteno-poinfernor end of these nuclei remain comected by a few bands og grey matter internal Capsule. across the anterior limb of These bands give the name it a striated a appearence, Corpus stoxatum. bence The lentifoss nucleus consists of 2 pads: • Putamen (darkes lateral paet) Globus pallidus (medial placer) Phylogenthically corpus striatum fooms two distinct funchonal unts, the paleostriatum and the neostriatum The globus pallidus is relatively ancient and termel paleostriatum /pallictum. • The caudate nucleus and putamen being recent in developement, together doom the restoratum /storatum • The Strsatum is laegely afferent whereas pallictim is 5 largely offerent stucture... Candate Nucleus • Cauclate nucleus is laege Comma shaped mass of pey matter, which Surrounds the thalamus and is itself Surrccunded by a lateral ventricle Its whole length of convealty projects into the cavily of lateral ventricle. • The Its socindad anteriors past in front of the intes interventricular foramen is called it's head. • The head gradually and imperceptibly tapers Candully into the becly on I then into a fail which emerges at its anterior externity with an almond-shaped mass of grey mattles called amygdalend, amygdaloid hocly • The head is large and secunded and forms the floor and lateral coall of the antemos hoon of lateral ventricl & The band of grey matter connect it to the putamen across the anterior limb g inkonal Capsule. & The body is long and narrad, and forms the floor of the central part of lateral ventricle. It is sepcoated from thalamus by stoia terminalis and thalamo-striale vein. The tail is long of inferios hom of and slanders and forms the def lateral ventricle It terminate anteriorly in the amygdalad body Centiform nuclay • Centiform nudens is a large lens-shaped mass of gowy matter beneath the insula forming the lateral bounky of internal capsule. + In horizontal sedras of cerebrum, it appears wedge-shaped with broad convex brise dently laterally. dirate * It has 3 swofaces al divcded into 2 parts: The lateral sueface convex and related to thin Sheet of white matter, the external capsule Medial suefae:- more convex and related to internal capsule In transverse sechors, the meclid surface 2 "angulated at the genu. Inferior surface:- related to sublentiform part of internal capsule and lies close to the anterior perfected Substance Parts • A vantical plate of white matter divides the lentiforms nucleus nto putamen als glabus pallidas. 4 Putaman is laager lateral past and consists packed small cells. Dark in colors, Bimilar to the caudate nucleus. I densly Stouchuraly 4 Globes pallidus is Small as medial part. Lighter in Colours Consist of laage (motor) Cells. Also Kimeon as pallidam as it appeas pole. * Globus palidus is further subcircled by an inkermal malwboy lamina y white matter into ocker al Mayor Scarwant.