University:
Duke University
Course:
PHYASST 321 | Cardiology
Academic year:

2024
Views:

436

Pages:

2
Author:

D. Bennani

‭Secondary amenorrhea‬ ‭Secondary amenorrhea‬‭:‭o‬ ccurs with the cessation of periods for‬ ‭ t least three cycles (i.e. 90 days), in women who have already had a‬ a ‭menstrual cycle.‬ ‭ econdary amenorrhea of‬ S ‭hypothalamic-pituitary‬ ‭origin:‬ ‭At the pituitary level, it can come from the following factors:‬ ‭●‬ ‭Sheehan syndrome (pituitary necrosis);‬ ‭●‬ ‭hypophysitis (rare inflammatory damage to the pituitary gland);‬ ‭●‬ ‭pituitary tumors;‬ ‭●‬ ‭prolactin adenoma (hyperproduction of prolactin).‬ ‭At the hypothalamic level, it can be due to:‬ ‭●‬ ‭stopping the pill;‬ ‭●‬ ‭excessive physical activity (amenorrhea in high-level athletes);‬ ‭●‬ ‭certain psychogenic factors (mourning, emotional shock, grief, etc.);‬ ‭●‬ ‭anorexia nervosa.‬ ‭Secondary amenorrhea and endocrine diseases:‬ ‭ ertain endocrine diseases may be involved in secondary‬ C ‭amenorrhea. We can cite among others:‬ ‭‬ ● ‭hypothyroidism (decreased or absent production of‬ ‭thyroid hormones);‬ ‭●‬ ‭Cushing's syndrome (chronic hypercortisolism caused by‬ ‭excess cortisol secretion);‬ ‭●‬ ‭Addison's disease (primary chronic adrenal insufficiency‬ ‭characterized by a lack of secretion of cortisol and‬ ‭aldosterone).‬ ‭Secondary amenorrhea and ovarian abnormality:‬ ‭ hen it is of ovarian origin, secondary amenorrhea can occur in the‬ W ‭event of:‬ ‭●‬ e ‭ arly menopause (before age 40)‬‭caused by ovarian‬‭dysfunction‬ ‭or a premature decline in ovarian reserve.‬ ‭●‬ ‭polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).‬ ‭Secondary amenorrhea and uterine abnormality:‬ ‭When it is of uterine origin, secondary amenorrhea can set in following:‬ ‭●‬ c ‭ urettage (after childbirth, spontaneous‬‭miscarriage‬ ‭or‬‭voluntary termination of pregnancy);‬ ‭●‬ ‭cervical surgery (conization, trachelectomy, cervical stenosis, etc.);‬ ‭●‬ a ‭ n appearance of uterine synechiae (joining of the two sides of‬ ‭the uterus) of traumatic or infectious origin.‬ ‭Secondary amenorrhea: pathological causes‬ ‭Other pathological or general causes can still explain it. We find there:‬ ‭●‬ ‭hemochromatosis (genetic disease causing excess iron in the‬ ‭body);‬ ‭●‬ ‭liver cirrhosis;‬ ‭●‬ ‭viral hepatitis;‬ ‭●‬ ‭cancer;‬ ‭●‬ ‭tuberculosis;‬ ‭●‬ ‭celiac disease;‬ ‭●‬ ‭insulin-dependent diabetes,‬ ‭●‬ ‭renal failure;‬ ‭●‬ ‭adrenal insufficiency.‬ ‭The role of the nurse;‬ ‭●‬ R ‭ efer the patient for a medical diagnosis. To find out the‬ ‭cause of amenorrhea and menopause. in order to undergo‬ ‭treatment.‬ ‭●‬ ‭Give advice to the patient based on the cause of‬ ‭ menorrhea (for example, avoid excessive physical activity if‬ A ‭this is the cause).‬