Medical Terminology Guide For Nurse Students Chapter 2

Medical Terminology guide Chapter 2 A.Chest pain 1. Diagnosis and Comments -Fracture rib: Localized tenderness: pain increases with respiration -Pneumothorax: Respiratory distress: hyperresonance: absent breath Sounds -Metastatic deposits in ribs: Carcinoma breast -Carcinoma of bronchus -Mediastinal tumors -Angina pectoris: Sunsternal sticking pain, dull, server, non-radiating Occurs following exercies, exposure to colde, or emoTional stress. Relieved by nitroglycerin/valsalva -Prinzmetal angina: Sharp non-sticking dull, server, non-radiating Substernal pain.Occurs at rest.Relved by nitroglycerie -Myocardial infarction: Crushing substernal pain radiates. Diaphoresis -Dissecting aortic aneurysm: Sevre retrosternal or interscapular pain -Mitral valve prolapse: Sticking pain, precordial, not substernal. Syncope Occurs. Arrhythmia,palpitations. Audible click/ejection systolic murmur, which increases with hand Shak/squatting.Relieved by recumbency/B-blockers -Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Angina like pain. Dyspnea, dizziness, arrhythmias. B-blockers and squatting relieve symptoms -Pulmonary hypertension: Pain is similar to angina pectoris and is relieved by nitroglycerin. However, MS/COPD may be present -Pulmonary stenosis -Pulmonary embolism: Pain due to pulmonary -Gastroesophageal reflux (esophagifis): Angina like pain. Heartburn present, relieved by antacids. Induced by overeating/recumbency -Esophageal spasm: Obese individual. Induced by alcohol/cold liquids. Relieved by nitroglycerin -Costochondritis: Tenderness costochondral junction. Sharp pain that increases with inspiration -Intercostal myositis: Localized tenderness. Sharp pain that increases wrtn inspiration -Gas entrapment syndrome: Gas in splenic/hepatic flexure of colon. Pain increases when intraabdominal pressure increased bending, wearing garments. Relieved by passing flatus/nitroglycerin -Perforated peptic ulcer: Both can be assocmted with chest pain and mimic myocardial infarction -Acute pancreatitis -Acute cholecystitis Pain radiates to right scapula -Hypothyrordism: Due to hypertension B.Abdominal pain 1. Diagnosis and Comments -Right Upper Quadrant -Cholecysitis: Pain radiates to seapula, nausea vomiting present Murphy sign positive -Cholelithiasis -Hepatitis: Liver enlarged and tender -Hepatitis abcess: Recueenet abdominal pain -Duodenal ulcer: Relieved by antacids; usually midepigastrium -Pancreatitis: Usually midepigastrium -Carcinoma head of pancreas: Usually midepigastruim -Renal calculus/turnor -Congestive cardiac failure -Pneumonia -Preicarditis -Herpers zoster -Left Upper Quadrant -Gastroenteritis -Gastritis -Gastroesophageal reflux: usually midepigastrium -Irritable bowel disease -Splenomegaly/infraction -Renal calculus/tumor -Rupture abdominal aortic aneurysm -Right Lower Quadrant -Muscle strain -Appendicitis -Crohn disease -Intestinal obstruction -Obturator hernia. -Diverticulitis -Carcinoma colon -Ureteric calculus -Mittelschmerz -Salpinsitis -Twisted ovarian cyst -Ectopic pregnancy -Cholecystitis -Mesenteric infarction -Left Lower Quadrant -Irritable bowel disease -Intestinal obstruction -Obturator hernia -Leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm -Ureteric calculus 2. Test and Reason -Complete blood count: Hb/HCT -WBC and differential: Infective process -Urea and electrolytes -Urine analysis: Ureterolithiasis -Serum amylase: Pancreatitis -HCG level: Exclude pregnancy -AST and ALT, serum bilirubin -alkaline phosphatase: Hepatitis -X-ray abdomen: Intestinal obstruction/perforation -Abdominal ultrasound: Gallbladder/pancreas/appendix Ovary/ecmpic/ abdominal aneurysm, -Endoscopy: Peptic ulcer disease