U.S. History Unit 4 Summative Assessment Answer Key

ANSWER KEY: 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. C 16. C 17. C 18. C 19. C 20. A 21. A 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. B 36. C 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. B 41. B 42. C 43. C 44. C 45. C 46. A 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. B U.S. History: Unit 4 Summative Assessment 1. Which government passed the Northwest Ordinance? a. The Articles of Confederation b. The US Constitution c. The British Parliament d. The Continental Congress 2. How did the Northwest Ordinance impact the US Constitution? a. It established the three branches of government b. It provided a model for the Bill of Rights c. It defined the powers of the President d. It had no impact on the Constitution 3. Which of the promises to settlers listed did NOT appear in the Bill of Rights? a. Freedom of speech b. Right to a fair trial c. Prohibition of slavery d. Freedom of religion 4. Which states came out of the Northwest Ordinance? a. Texas, Florida, and Georgia b. Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio c. New York, Virginia, and Maine d. California, Nevada, and Arizona 5. How do you think the Northwest Ordinance impacted Native Americans? a. It protected their land rights b. It promoted peaceful cohabitation c. It led to the loss of their lands d. It established Native American self-governance 6. Which country controlled the largest territory in North America in 1800? a. Spain b. France c. United States d. Great Britain 7. In 1800, which two countries did the United States primarily share land borders with? a. Spain and Mexico b. France and Great Britain c. Spain and Great Britain d. Mexico and France 8. Which of the following directions was the most likely path of American expansion after 1800? a. North b. West c. East d. South 9. How did the expansion of the United States impact Native American populations? a. It led to increased trade opportunities b. It resulted in the displacement and loss of lands c. It improved their political representation d. It enhanced cultural exchanges 10. How might the expansion of the United States impact agriculture economically? a. Reduced land for farming b. Increased industrialization c. Expansion of farmland and crop variety d. Decrease in agricultural production 11. What was one of President Jefferson's primary motivations for negotiating the Louisiana Purchase? a. To expand manufacturing capabilities in the United States b. To gain control of the port of New Orleans c. To reduce the population density in the eastern states d. To establish a strong alliance with Spain 12. How did the Louisiana Purchase align with Jefferson's vision for the American economy? a. It provided more land for manufacturing industries b. It increased dependence on European markets c. It offered vast lands for agriculture, supporting Jefferson's agrarian vision d. It encouraged urbanization and industrialization 13. Which geographical advantage did the Louisiana Purchase provide to the United States? a. Access to the Atlantic Ocean b. Control over the Mississippi River c. A direct route to Canada d. A strategic position against British forces Document 1: Notes on the State of Virginia (1783), Query XIX, “Manufactures” by Thomas Jefferson 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 “The political economists of Europe created and live by a principle where every state endeavors to manufacture for itself; this principle we have borrowed in America, without calculating the differences of circumstance…. In Europe the lands are either cultivated, or locked up against the cultivator. Manufacture must therefore be resorted to out of necessity…. to support the surplus of their people. But we have an immensity of land courting the industry of the farmer. It is best then that all of our citizens be employed in working the land, or that one half be called to manufacture? The answer is easy, as those who labour in the earth are the chosen people of God….While we have land to labor then, let us never wish to see our citizens occupied at a workbench, they shall proceed to work and farm the vast lands….let our workshops remain in Europe…” 14. According to Document 1, which economic activity did Jefferson most strongly support for Americans? a. Industrial manufacturing b. International trade c. Farming and agriculture d. Mining and resource extraction Document 2: Letter from President Thomas Jefferson to Robert Livingston, April 18th, 1802 1 2 3 4 5 …The granting of Louisiana and the Floridas by Spain to France works most sorely on the United States of America…There is on the globe one single spot, the possessor of which is our natural and habitual enemy. It is New Orleans. Whomever owns the island of New Orleans is indeed both our foe and ally. It is through this port city which the produce of three-eighths of our territory must pass to market, and from its fertility it will 6 7 8 9 10 11 before long yield more than half of our whole produce and contain more than half our inhabitants. France placing herself in that door assumes to us the attitude of both enemy and friend - It seals the union of two nations who in conjunction would have to maintain exclusive possession of the ocean. From that moment we must marry ourselves to the British fleet and nation, for we do not have the strength to defend our right against the French to these seas…This is not a state of things we seek or desire… 12 13 14 She (France) may say she (France) needs Louisiana for the supply of her West Indies. If France considers Louisiana an indispensable territory for her views she might perhaps be willing to look about for arrangements which might reconcile it to our interests as we share a border. 15 16 17 18 If anything could do this it would be the ceding to us the island of New Orleans and the Floridas. This would certainly in a great degree remove the causes of jarring and irritation between us, and perhaps for such a length of time as might produce other means of making the measure permanently peacemaking to our interests and friendship... 15. Based on Document 2, why was the possession of New Orleans critical to the United States? a. It was a major manufacturing hub b. It served as a cultural center for the nation c. It was a vital port for trade and access to the Mississippi River d. It provided a strategic military advantage 16. What was the main purpose of Lewis and Clark's journey, according to the historical context provided? a. To establish new settlements b. To map out the entire United States c. To understand the geography, environment, and Native Americans of the Louisiana Territory d. To find a direct route to Asia 17. What was the primary goal of the Embargo Act of 1807? a. To increase trade with European nations b. To punish Native American tribes c. To protect American ships and sailors from European interference d. To promote industrialization in the United States 18. Which of the following was NOT a direct consequence of the Embargo Act? a. Severe economic hardship for American merchants b. Increased smuggling along the Canadian border c. Improved diplomatic relations with Great Britain and France d. Significant decrease in U.S. exports 19. Which of the following was a primary cause of the War of 1812? a. The signing of the Treaty of Ghent b. The rise of American nationalism c. British impressment of American soldiers d. The construction of the Erie Canal 20. What was an effect of the War of 1812 on the United States? a. The end of the Federalist Party b. The beginning of the American Civil War c. The Louisiana Purchase d. The signing of the Declaration of Independence 21. How did the War of 1812 influence American industry? a. It led to the rise in American cotton manufacturing b. It caused a decline in American agricultural output c. It resulted in the destruction of major American ports d. It increased reliance on British imports 22. Which event is associated with the rise of American nationalism following the War of 1812? a. The Boston Tea Party b. The drafting of the U.S. Constitution c. The writing of the Star Spangled Banner d. The signing of the Paris Peace Treaty 23. What was the primary purpose of the Missouri Compromise of 1820? a. To abolish slavery in all U.S. territories b. To maintain the balance between free and slave states in the Senate c. To establish Missouri as a free state d. To create a new system of government for western territories 24. Which state's admission to the Union sparked the debate that led to the Missouri Compromise? a. Kansas b. Maine c. Missouri d. California 25. What was the significance of the 36°30' parallel in the Missouri Compromise? a. It marked the northern border of Missouri b. It divided the Louisiana Territory between free and slave regions c. It established the boundary between the United States and Mexico d. It determined the route of the Underground Railroad 26. Who proposed the Missouri Compromise? a. James Madison b. John Quincy Adams c. Henry Clay d. Andrew Jackson 27. How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 affect the Missouri Compromise? a. It strengthened the compromise's provisions b. It had no significant impact on the compromise c. It repealed the Missouri Compromise d. It extended the compromise to include more territories 28. What did the Monroe Doctrine declare regarding future European colonization in the Americas? a. It allowed European nations to colonize small regions. b. It stated that the Americas were closed to future European colonization. c. It encouraged European nations to establish new colonies. d. It offered to negotiate colonization treaties. 29. How did the Monroe Doctrine shape early U.S. foreign policy? a. By encouraging European alliances. b. By promoting U.S. colonization in Europe. c. By establishing the U.S. as a protector of the Western Hemisphere. d. By isolating the U.S. from global affairs. 30. According to the Monroe Doctrine, how would the U.S. view European interference in free Latin American countries? a. As a friendly exchange. b. As an opportunity for trade. c. As a sign of goodwill. d. As an unfriendly act towards the U.S. 31. Which Governor of New York was instrumental in the construction of the Erie Canal? a. Martin Van Buren b. DeWitt Clinton c. Andrew Cuomo d. George Pataki 32. What was one of the primary effects of the Erie Canal on New York State's economy? a. Decreased agricultural productivity b. Increased isolation from other states c. Enhanced trade and transportation d. Loss of industrial jobs 33. How long was the Erie Canal upon its completion in 1825? a. 107 miles b. 212 miles c. 363 miles d. 532 miles 34. Which two bodies of water did the Erie Canal connect? a. Hudson River and Lake Erie b. Mississippi River and Lake Michigan c. Ohio River and Atlantic Ocean d. Potomac River and Great Salt Lake 35. How did the Erie Canal impact the population growth in New York State? a. It caused a population decline due to flooding b. It led to rapid urbanization and growth of cities c. It had no notable impact on population d. It decreased migration to the state 36. How did the Erie Canal affect the cost and time of transporting goods? a. It increased both significantly b. It had no effect c. It reduced both significantly d. It reduced cost but increased time 37. How did the Erie Canal contribute to the development of the Midwest? a. It isolated the Midwest economically b. It facilitated the movement of goods and people c. It led to a decrease in agricultural production d. It caused environmental degradation 38. How did the Erie Canal influence New York City? a. It led to the city's decline b. It established New York City as a major commercial center c. It had no significant effect d. It made New York City more agrarian 39. How did the abolitionist movement contribute to the early women’s rights movement? a. It limited women's roles to domestic spheres. b. It discouraged women from participating in public debates. c. It provided a platform for women to engage in public speaking and activism. d. It focused solely on ending slavery, ignoring women’s issues. 40. What argument did Angelina Grimke make regarding gender roles and rights? a. Rights are determined by gender and social status. b. Rights are based on moral nature, not gender. c. Women should focus on domestic duties only. d. Men should have more rights than women. 41. Why did Catherine Beecher oppose women's involvement in abolition societies? a. She believed it would undermine the abolitionist cause. b. She felt it would divide the nation. c. She thought women should promote peace quietly. d. She believed women lacked the ability to influence politics. 42. What was a common criticism of women like the Grimke sisters participating in public debates? a. They were too focused on domestic issues. b. They were seen as neglecting their families. c. They were challenging traditional gender norms. d. They lacked the education to participate. 43. How did the discussion of abolition influence the discussion of women's rights, according to Grimke? a. It showed that women should not voice their opinions publicly. b. It highlighted that only certain rights should be extended to women. c. It opened the way for broader discussions on human rights. d. It emphasized the need for women to remain silent on societal issues. 44. What was the primary focus of the Grimké sisters' activism? a. Promoting women's suffrage b. Advocating for temperance c. Fighting against slavery and for women's rights d. Campaigning for better working conditions in factories 45. Which of the following best describes the impact of the Grimké sisters on the women's rights movement? a. They were largely ignored and had little influence b. They focused solely on women's suffrage, neglecting other issues c. They helped bring women's rights to the forefront of public debate d. They successfully achieved voting rights for women in the 1840s 46. True or False? Andrew Jackson supported the removal of Indians to American territories west of the Mississippi River because he thought it would benefit the United States of America. a. True b. False 47. According to the Supreme Court, do Native Americans make up their own state? a. Yes b. No c. Unclear d. Partially 48. According to the Supreme Court, is the Indian Removal Act constitutional or unconstitutional? a. Constitutional b. Unconstitutional c. Partially constitutional d. Not decided 49. How did the Trail of Tears impact the Cherokee Nation? a. Strengthened their community b. Improved their economy c. Devastated their population d. Enhanced their political influence 50. What was one argument against the Indian Removal Act? a. Economic opportunities b. Violation of treaties c. Technological advancement d. Agricultural development