Module 8 Answers Part 3

103. Cortex areas surrounding the hippocampus and supporting the processing and storing of explicit memories are located in the A) amygdala. B) basal ganglia. C) cerebellum. D) temporal lobe. Ans: D 104. Which part of the brain plays a key role in forming and storing the implicit memories created by classical conditioning? A) hippocampus B) cerebellum C) hypothalamus D) amygdala Ans: B 105. Cerebellum is to ________ memory as hippocampus is to ________ memory. A) working; long-term B) long-term; working C) implicit; explicit D) explicit; implicit Ans: C 106. Rabbits fail to learn a conditioned eyeblink response when the function of different pathways in their ________ is surgically disrupted. A) hypothalamus B) amygdala C) hippocampus D) cerebellum Ans: D 107. The basal ganglia most clearly facilitate the processing of A) procedural memories. B) explicit memories. C) mood-congruent memories. D) flashbulb memories. Ans: A 108. Damage to the ________ would most likely interfere with a person's memory of how to play the piano. A) hippocampus B) amygdala C) hypothalamus D) basal ganglia Ans: D 109. A lack of conscious memories of your first three years of life best illustrates A) priming. B) long-term potentiation. C) infantile amnesia. D) the serial position effect. Ans: C 110. Which of the following has been suggested as an explanation for infantile amnesia? A) The hippocampus is one of the last brain structures to mature. B) The emotional reactivity of infants inhibits the process of encoding. C) The accumulation of life experiences disrupts the retrieval of early life events. D) Implicit memories last for less than a second in infants. Ans: A 111. Cerebellum is to ________ memory as hippocampus is to ________ memory. A) working; long-term B) long-term; working C) implicit; explicit D) explicit; implicit Ans: C 112. Stress hormones promote stronger memories by A) decreasing the availability of serotonin. B) increasing the availability of glucose. C) decreasing the availability of CREB. D) increasing the availability of propranolol. Ans: B 113. Stress hormones provoke the ________ to initiate a memory trace in the frontal lobes and basal ganglia. A) amygdala B) hippocampus C) hypothalamus D) cerebellum Ans: A 114. After watching a happy film, patients' happy emotion persisted even though they could not consciously recall the film. These patients had suffered damage to the A) basal ganglia. B) hippocampus. C) cerebellum. D) amygdala. Ans: B 115. The experience of emotionally stressful events is especially likely to promote A) nondeclarative memory. B) infantile amnesia. C) the serial position effect. D) tunnel vision memory. Ans: D 116. Elevated levels of stress hormones most clearly contribute to developing A) procedural memories. B) implicit memories. C) infantile amnesia. D) flashbulb memories. Ans: D 117. Joshua vividly recalls his feelings and what he was doing at the exact moment when he heard of his grandfather's unexpected death. This best illustrates ________ memory. A) nondeclarative B) implicit C) flashbulb D) procedural Ans: C 118. A flashbulb memory would typically be a(n) A) procedural memory. B) very recent memory. C) implicit memory. D) long-term memory. Ans: D 119. Dramatic experiences that can trigger flashbulb memories are most likely to remain bright and clear in our conscious memories because they A) are automatically processed. B) involve classically conditioned associations. C) are frequently rehearsed. D) initiate a memory trace in the cerebellum. Ans: C 120. Research by Kandel and Schwartz on sea slugs indicates that memory formation is associated with the A) structure of DNA molecules. B) release of certain neurotransmitters. C) activity level of the hippocampus. D) development of the cerebellum. Ans: B 121. A sea slug releases more serotonin in order to promote the process of ________ necessary to learn a classically conditioned association. A) priming B) neurotransmission C) working memory D) serial position effect Ans: B 122. The increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as A) priming. B) the encoding specificity principle. C) long-term potentiation. D) the serial position effect. Ans: C 123. Repeated rehearsal of your teachers' lectures and reading assignments leads to lasting memories thanks to the neural process of A) ECT. B) LTP. C) encoding specificity. D) priming. Ans: B 124. Long-term potentiation is believed to be A) a memory-blocking process triggered by high doses of propranolol. B) the cause of memory loss among patients with Alzheimer's disease. C) unnecessary for the formation of flashbulb memories. D) a neural basis for learning and memory. Ans: D 125. After long-term potentiation has occurred A) sending neurons release their neurotransmitters more easily. B) it takes longer to process new information. C) a receiving neuron's receptor sites are reduced. D) you more readily forget facts that you once knew. Ans: A 126. By activating the amygdala, stress hormones promote A) the production of propranolol. B) infantile amnesia. C) the serial position effect. D) long-term potentiation. Ans: D 127. Passing an electric current through the brain during electroconvulsive therapy is most likely to disrupt A) long-term memories. B) procedural memories. C) very recent memories. D) flashbulb memories. Ans: C 128. The neurotransmitter glutamate ________ LTP and the protein CREB ________ LTP. A) disrupts; disrupts B) facilitates; facilitates C) disrupts; facilitates D) facilitates; disrupts Ans: B 129. Sea slugs, mice, and fruit flies have displayed enhanced learning following enhanced production of the protein A) LTP. B) CREB. C) GABA. D) THC. Ans: B 130. Which of the following has been tested for use as a memory-blocking drug? A) glutamate B) propranolol C) CREB D) epinephrine Ans: B 131. Words, images, and other bits of information used to access a stored memory are called A) LTPs. B) retrieval cues. C) memory traces. D) target stimuli. Ans: B 132. When 80-year-old Ida looked at one of her old wedding pictures, she was flooded with vivid memories of her parents, her husband, and the early years of her marriage. The picture served as a powerful A) memory trace. B) implicit memory. C) serial position effect. D) retrieval cue. Ans: D 133. Memories are primed by A) memory consolidation. B) retrieval cues. C) long-term potentiation. D) infantile amnesia. Ans: B 134. Hearing the word “rabbit” may lead people to spell the spoken word “hair” as “h-a-r-e.” This best illustrates the outcome of a process known as A) flashbulb memory. B) the serial position effect. C) encoding specificity. D) priming. Ans: D 135. After hearing the sound of an ambulance, you may be momentarily predisposed to interpret a friend's brief coughing spell as a symptom of serious illness. This best illustrates the impact of A) procedural memory. B) the serial position effect. C) priming. D) flashbulb memory. Ans: C 136. Watching a TV soap opera involving marital conflict and divorce led Andrea to recall several instances in which her husband had mistreated her. The effect of the TV program on Andrea's recall provides an example of A) implicit memory. B) memory consolidation. C) the serial position effect. D) priming. Ans: D 137. In one experiment, participants primed with words related to ________ were less likely to help another person who asked for their help. A) laughter B) money C) books D) computers Ans: B 138. Recall of what you have learned is often improved when your physical surroundings at the time of retrieval and encoding are the same. This best illustrates A) long-term potentiation. B) memory consolidation. C) the encoding specificity principle. D) the serial position effect. Ans: C 139. Scuba divers who heard a word list while underwater later recalled more of the words if their recall was tested while they were underwater rather than on the beach. This best illustrates A) the encoding specificity principle. B) the serial position effect. C) memory consolidation. D) flashbulb memory. Ans: A 140. It's harder for Alonso to recall the name of a workplace colleague when he see her in a grocery store rather than in the hallway outside his workplace office where he was first introduced to her. This best illustrates A) the serial position effect. B) the encoding specificity principle. C) long-term potentiation. D) memory consolidation. Ans: B 141. After learning that kicking would move a crib mobile, infants showed that they recalled this learning best if they were tested in the same crib. This best illustrates A) the serial position effect. B) context-dependent memory. C) flashbulb memory. D) infantile amnesia. Ans: B 142. After his last drinking spree, Fakim hid a half-empty liquor bottle. He couldn't remember where he hid it until he started drinking again. Fakim's pattern of recall best illustrates A) infantile amnesia. B) flashbulb memory. C) the serial position effect. D) state-dependent memory. Ans: D 143. Mood-congruent memory best illustrates that the emotions we experienced while learning something become A) implicit memories. B) retrieval cues. C) procedural memories. D) flashbulb memories. Ans: B 144. The recall of sad experiences is often primed by feelings of sadness. This most clearly illustrates A) the serial position effect. B) flashbulb memories. C) implicit memory. D) mood-congruent memory. Ans: D 145. Whenever he feels sexually jealous, David is flooded with painful memories of instances when he thought his girlfriend was flirting with other men. David's experience best illustrates A) procedural memory. B) long-term potentiation. C) mood-congruent memory. D) memory consolidation. Ans: C 146. When Tony is in a bad mood, he interprets his parents' comments as criticisms. When he's in a good mood, he interprets the same types of parental comments as helpful suggestions. This best illustrates that our emotional states influence the process of A) infantile amnesia. B) encoding. C) storage. D) retrieval. Ans: B 147. The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as A) the serial position effect. B) implicit memory. C) memory consolidation. D) the encoding specificity principle. Ans: A 148. A full week after Usha heard her mother read her a list of 12 different farm animals, Usha is most likely to remember the animals ________ of the list. A) at the beginning and end B) at the end C) at the beginning D) in the middle Ans: C 149. Shortly after hearing a list of items, people tend to recall the last items in the list especially quickly and accurately. This best illustrates A) state-dependent memory. B) the encoding specificity principle. C) implicit memory. D) a recency effect. Ans: D 150. After hearing a list of items, peoples' immediate recall of the items is more likely to show a(n)________ effect than is their later recall of the items. A) automatic processing B) recency C) memory consolidation D) implicit memory Ans: B 151. An inability to retrieve information learned in the past is called A) source amnesia. B) anterograde amnesia. C) proactive interference. D) retrograde amnesia. Ans: D 152. After having brain surgery to stop severe seizures, Henry Molaison could recall events he experienced prior to the surgery but was unable to form new conscious memories. Molaison's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates A) retrograde amnesia. B) proactive interference. C) anterograde amnesia. D) retroactive interference. Ans: C 153. Following a brain injury from a brutal knife attack, Mike is unable to consciously recall or recognize what a knife is. But he still shows a conditioned fear response to the sight of a knife. His conditioned reaction best indicates that he retains a(n) ________ memory. A) sensory B) repressed C) working D) implicit Ans: D