Module 7 Answers Part 4

177. When Adam observed his sister being scolded after she hit another child, Adam also discontinued hitting other children. This best illustrates the impact of A) latent learning. B) vicarious punishment. C) instinctive drift. D) intrinsic motivation. Ans: B 178. We are especially likely to vicariously experience the reinforcing outcomes of those we perceive as A) extrinsically motivated. B) antisocial models. C) latent learners. D) similar to ourselves. Ans: D 179. Mirror neurons are believed by some scientists to provide a biological basis for A) classical conditioning. B) cognitive maps. C) observational learning. D) extrinsic motivation. Ans: C 180. Which of the following are most clearly activated both by picking up a spoon and by simply watching another person pick up a spoon? A) prosocial behaviors B) taste aversions C) cognitive maps D) mirror neurons Ans: D 181. It has been suggested that ________ are activated when a monkey moves a peanut into its own mouth and when a monkey simply observes other monkeys move a peanut into their mouths. A) prosocial behaviors B) intrinsic motives C) cognitive maps D) mirror neurons Ans: D 182. Rhesus macaque monkeys are more likely to reconcile after a fight if they grow up with forgiving older macaque monkeys. This best illustrates the impact of A) classical conditioning. B) extrinsic motivation. C) observational learning. D) cognitive maps. Ans: C 183. Whacking the water to boost feeding success became increasingly common among humpback whales observed over a 22-year period. This is best explained in terms of A) B) C) D) Ans: classical conditioning. observational learning. taste aversion instinctive drift. B 184. Different groups of vervet monkeys learned to prefer either blue or pink corn. All but one of their 27 infant monkeys subsequently came to prefer the same color corn preferred by the adult monkeys in their group. This subsequent outcome best illustrated A) operant conditioning. B) instinctive drift. C) observational learning. D) extrinsic motivation. Ans: C 185. By 8 to 16 months, infants imitate various novel gestures they see others perform. This best illustrates A) classical conditioning. B) observational learning. C) latent learning. D) a fixed-interval schedule. Ans: B 186. Five-year-olds copy senseless and irrelevant adult actions such as stroking a plastic jar with a feather before reaching inside the jar for a toy. This best illustrates A) a conditioned response. B) instinctive drift. C) vicarious reinforcement. D) overimitation. Ans: D 187. Without conscious reflection, people often yawn when they observe others yawning. Researchers are now considering whether this can be attributed to A) mirror neuron activity. B) classical conditioning. C) latent learning. D) extrinsic motivation. Ans: A 188. According to some researchers, a televised fistfight may lead viewers to mentally simulate fistfighting thanks to the activation of A) cognitive maps. B) mirror neurons. C) instinctive drift. D) taste aversions. Ans: B 189. Psychologists are currently debating whether our physical capacity for mentally simulating the observed behavior of others is due to specialized A) intrinsic motives. B) cognitive maps. C) extrinsic motives. D) mirror neurons. Ans: D 190. The brain's capacity to simulate and vicariously experience the observed postures and facial expressions of others most clearly contributes to the development of a child's A) theory of mind. B) cognitive map. C) extrinsic motivation. D) instinctive drift. Ans: A 191. Recognizing that one of your friends is feeling angry and that another friend is feeling sad illustrates an ability known as A) modeling. B) latent learning. C) instinctive drift. D) theory of mind. Ans: D 192. Sandy finds it harder to frown when watching her brother smile than when seeing him frown. Scientists are currently debating whether this can be attributed to the activation of A) instinctive drift. B) extrinsic motives. C) mirror neurons. D) cognitive maps. Ans: C 193. Helpful and constructive actions best illustrate A) latent learning. B) extrinsic motivation. C) overimitation. D) prosocial behavior. Ans: D 194. Alex learned to babysit and care for young children effectively by observing the many ways his mother carefully nurtured his own younger siblings. This best illustrates the value of observational learning for promoting A) fixed-interval schedules. B) prosocial behavior. C) extrinsic motivation. D) instinctive drift. Ans: B 195. Socially responsive toddlers who readily imitate their parents tend to become preschoolers with a strong internalized conscience. This best illustrates the impact of A) operant conditioning. B) classical conditioning. C) observational learning. D) extrinsic motivation. Ans: C 196. Children of abusive parents often learn to be aggressive by imitating their parents. This illustrates the impact of A) operant conditioning. B) observational learning. C) classical conditioning. D) extrinsic motivation. Ans: B 197. Children often imitate behaviors seen on television and Internet videos. This best illustrates the impact of A) modeling. B) latent learning. C) instinctive drift. D) fixed-interval reinforcement schedules. Ans: A 198. Mr. Schneider frequently tells his children that it is important to wash their hands before meals, but he rarely does so himself. Experiments suggest that his children will learn to A) practice and preach the virtues of cleanliness. B) practice cleanliness but not preach its virtues. C) neither practice nor preach the virtues of cleanliness. D) preach the virtues of cleanliness but not practice cleanliness. Ans: D 199. Children are especially likely to behave aggressively after viewing TV violence in which an attractive person commits A) justified violence that causes no visible pain or harm. B) unjustified violence that causes no visible pain or harm. C) justified violence that causes a lot of visible pain or harm. D) unjustified violence that causes a lot of visible pain or harm. Ans: A 200. Correlational studies show that prolonged viewing of televised violence ________ increased rates of violent behavior. A) inhibits B) causes C) is unrelated to D) predicts Ans: D 201. Desensitization and imitation are two factors that contribute to A) latent learning. B) taste aversion. C) the violence-viewing effect. D) instinctive drift. Ans: C Page 1