Sociology Test 5 Study Guide

All of the following play a role in the availability of educational opportunities in a country but one, choose the item that does not apply. The number of school-age children in the country The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), which is administrated to 15-year-old students worldwide, rates education in different countries. In 2010, PISA results and analysis of the results showed all of the following but one, choose the item that does not apply. Students in the United States ranked number one in the world Which of the following is NOT a manifest function of education? Social networks Jackson lives in rural Chile and is the son of a poor farmer. The nearest school is 50 miles away, and he had no means to get there. What does the educational system in Jackson’s country lack? Universal Access Which court case set the precedent for access to education within the United States for students with disabilities? Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia Malik grew up in an affluent household which embraced activities such as attending the opera, visiting museums, and traveling to foreign countries at least once a year. When Malik goes to college, he finds he has much to talk about with professors and fellow students from similar backgrounds. Malik is enjoying the benefits of Cultural Capital The concept hidden curriculum can be defined as a type of non-academic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission. The first two years in college include liberal arts requirements in order to provide students with the opportunity to acquire ‘cultural capital’ to enhance their ability, build wisdom and knowledge. Education is a social institution through which a society’s children are taught all of the following but one. Choose the answer that does not apply. Scamming the system All of the following statements about the cost of higher education in America are accurate, except for one. Choose the statement that is not accurate. Government funding for higher education has risen every year since the 1970s Which of the following is NOT a latent function of education? Transmission of culture The term formal education is defined by the text as: the learning of academic facts and concepts Which of the following is NOT a method used in the United States to produce educational equality? Mandatory tutoring Which of the following sociological perspectives argues that the educational system reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities arising from differences in class, gender, race, and ethnicity? Conflict theory Which of the following does NOT account for the differences in the educational system from country to country? Geographic distribution of male and female students What factors contribute to inequality within the educational system in the United States? Racism and Socioeconomic (All of the above) When Ahmed is in the 5th grade, he does poorly in math and science. His teachers recommend him for lower-level classes throughout middle school in all subjects, and he’s not given the chance to excel elsewhere. This process is known as tracking. To make students more competitive in the work force and for graduate school, college professors are beginning to lower the standard for student grades (i.e. what was once considered a B, is now considered an A). This is known as grade inflation. What is the Head Start Program? A federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status Plessy V. Furguson: allowed racial segregation in schools and private businesses Brown v. the Board of Education: declared that state laws had established separate schools for black and white students were unequal and unMills v. Board of Education of the Distict of Columbia: set precedent for universal access to education in the United States Which sociologist studied how cultural capital helps an individual navigate their culture? Pierre Bourdieu The term “sorting” can be defined as classifying students based on academic merit or potential Kara has behavioral problems as a young child. As she goes through school, she is labeled “troubled,” and told she will never amount to anything. Kara, though intelligent, decides to “live down” to this exception. What sociological perceptive would be most interested in studying Kara’s experience? Symbolic interactionism _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Which of the following is one of the many concerns with the practice of fracking? Fracking requires a huge amount of water Three things are important for the formation and sustentation of a city. Which of the below options is NOT one of them? Wellconstructed buildings “Climate change” is a more accurate phrase than: Global Warming In 2013, the number of refugees, asylum-seekers, and internally displaced people worldwide exceeded 50 million people for the first time since the end of World War II. Your best friend is hoping to start a new city on an island in the Pacific. Which sociologist would you suggest she read first, before setting out? Gideon Sjoberg What is the difference between a metropolis and a megalopolis? A metropolis is just one city while a megalopolis includes many different cities Pollution, like many other issues in the world, has become a global issue. What was the name of the agreement that several countries signed as a way to pledge the lessening of carbon emissions? The Kyoto Protocol Paul has been studying the demography of the United Kington. The U.K. is very similar to the United States or Sweden in that it is industrialized, has a relatively long-life expectancy, and infant morality is low. Which stage in the Demographic Transition Theory would the U.K. fall into? Stage 4 Melissa has been working to develop drought-resistance seeds that require little water to grow and which produce grain. She wants to sent these to arid parts of the world, where conventional grain is not easy (or impossible) to grow, to improve nutrition for the people in those countries. In sociological terms, Melissa most likely ascribes to: Cornucopian theory Which is an aspect of city life that might catch a human ecologist’s attention? The decision to make sidewalks narrower so that a city road can provide on-street parking. What is one way the people of the United States, and the world, are reaching and abusing the Earth’s carrying capacity? We show a little concern about contaminating water without garbage and waste A sociologist is studying how the population of certain countries influences and affects the population and environment of other neighboring countries. This sociologist is most likely a: structural functionalist Bill wants to increase his herd of cattle on his farm. Right now, he his herd numbers around 100, and he has 100 acres of his farm set aside for their pasture. What would a sociologist suggest so that his farm, which feeds many in his town and county, can continue to function? Bill should examine the carrying capacity of his lands and considering setting aside more land if he wants to increase his herd If we consider the concentric zone model, which is a conflict theorist’s critique? The model fails to show the gentrification of neighborhoods as certain classes start to take over cities Anil has noticed that infertility has been affecting many of his intergenerational friends and family. Based on this observation, Anil is writing his senior thesis on the effects that certain cities, water quality, and hormones might have on his friends. Anil most likely approach his findings and paper using which theory? Zero population growth theory What type of nations are the greatest sources of greenhouse gases? Postindustrial Some people may think one you’ve studied one city, you’ve studied them all. Which is an example of why these people may be misinformed? The banlieues, or suburbs, of Paris are the bad parts of town, almost inside-out compared to Baltimore Why has e-waste become an issue, especially in the 21st century? E-waste not only contains harmful chemicals, but electronics become obsolete every six months or so, which means, every six months people are throwing away perfectly good electronics in order to get the newest one. This has led to an enormous increase in the amount of trash people produce Josh sits in his kitchen in the city projects trying to sip his coffee while inhaling the nauseating fumes wafting from the town dump that was relocated to within a mile of his home. He desperately wishes he could move, but he works two jobs just to make ends meet for his family. Josh lives in the poorer part of town; the part that is greatly overlooked by local government officials. What might a sociologist call this phenomenon? Environmental racism Tarah is attending a sold-out Counting Crows concert at Madison Square Garden, with thousand of other Counting Crows fans. Tarah is part of a mass. PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) is an animal rights group that has over 2 million members across the country and spends millions of dollars on advertising (print, broadcast and social media) in order to spread social awareness about their cause each year. Which theory attempts to explain PETA’s success? Resource mobilization theory An airplane has crashed on a deserted island off the coast of Fiji. The survivors are forced to learn new behaviors in order to adapt to the situation and each other. This is an example of which theory? Emergent norm The National organization for Marriage is a group which travels across the country, condemning homosexuality and advocating against new laws allowing gay marriage. What type of movement are they participating in? Resistance When social movements link their goals to the goals of other social movements and emerge into a single group, this is referred to as frame alignment process. According to Neil Smelser, several conditions must be in place for collective behavior to occur. Neil Smelser’s theory of crowd behavior is referred to as value-added theory. Which of the following is the best definition of social change? The change in society created through social movements as well as external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations Which of the following best defines a social movement? A purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal. Acting crowd: crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal Expressive crowd: crowds who share opportunities to express emotions Conventional crowd: people who come together for a regularly scheduled event Casual crowd: people who share close proximity without really interacting Public: people who share an ideology The anti-drug campaign in the 1980’s encouraged students to “just say no” to put an end to drug use and drug violence. Which type of framing did this campaign use? Motivational The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) is non-profit organization located in Washington, D.C. which advocates for equal rights and marriage rights of gay, lesbian, transgender, and bisexual citizens. The HRC is a reform group. When news of Proposition 8 broke in California in2008, hundreds of thousands of protestors came together using Twitter, Facebook, and the media to get their message of protest out. Which stage of Blumer and Tilly’s social movement outline represents this? Coalescence stage Which of the following is not a widely contributing factor in social change? Fashion