Study Guide Matter and Change

Matter and Change SECТION 3.1 Matter In your textbook, read about elements and atomic structure. Use each of the terms Ьelow just once to complete the passage, atom electrons \ ucleus protons A(n) (1) ________ is а substance that cannot Ье broken down into simpler substances. A(n) (2) ________ is the smallest particle of matter having а11 that element's characteristics. It is made up of smaller particles. Тhе (3) ________ is made up of protons and neutrons. Small particles that have mass and positive electrical charges are (4) Particles that have about the same mass as protons, but that are electrically neutral are (5) ________ . Suпounding the nucleus of an atom are tiny particles called , which have little mass, but have negative electrical charges (6) that are exactly the sarne magnitude as the positive charges of protons. А electrons В. element С" neutrons In your textbook, read about atomic structure and isotopes. Complete each statement. 7. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus is the ________ 8. When atoms of the same element have d1fferent mass numbers, they are known as ________ of that element. 9. The spontaneous process through which unstaЫe nuclei emit radiation is called ________ 10. A(n) ________ represents the area in an atom where an electron is 11. most likely to Ье found. 11. An atom that gains or loses an electron and has ал electric charge is called a(n) 12. The combined nurnber of protons and neutrons is the ________ 13. The ________ is the average of the mass nurnbers of the isotopes of an element. С. Xon.s In your textbook, read about electrons in energy levels and isotopes. Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 14. How many electrons' сап Ье held in the innermost energy level of atoms? а. 2 Ь. 8 с. 18 d. 32 15. How many electrons сап the fourth energy level hold? а. 2 Ь. 8 с. 18 d. 32' с. neutrons. d. isotopes. 16. Many elements are mixtures of а. oxygen. Ь. electrons. 17. The chemical behavior of different elements is determined Ьу the а. number of electrons in the innermost energy level. Ь. number of electrons in the middle energy level. с. number of electrons in the outermost energy level. d. total number of electrons in а11 of the energy levels. 18. How many electrons сап an atom's third energy level hold? а. 2 Ь. 8 с. 18 d. 32 19. Elements with а full outermost energy level are а. unlikely to combine chemically with other elements. Ь. likely to combine chemically with other elements. с. likely to combine with inert elements. d. likely to combine with many elements at one time. 20. The identity of an element is defmed Ьу its number of а. electrons. Ь. protons. с. neutrons. d. isotopes. 21. How many electrons сап an atom's second energy level hold? а. 2 Ь. 8 с. 18 d. 32 SECТION 3.2 Comblning Matter In your textbook, read about different types ofbonds, chemical reactions, and mixtures. For each item in Column А, write the letter of the rnatching item in Colurnn В. ColumnB ColumnA ____ 22. А combination of two or more components that retain their identity ____.2J . The attraction of two atoms for а shared pair of electrons that hold the atoms together ____.JL(. А substance that is composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically comЬined . А solution containing а substance that produces + hydrogen ions (Н ) in water а. acid ь. compound с. covalent bond all atoms metallic bond .С. molecule ----� 8,. А homogeneous mixture D. solution ____ol 9 1. The attractive force between two ions of opposite charge ____ 3( ,. А solid homogeneous mixture --- .., _ mixture в. ____и7 ,, Composed of two or more atoms held together Ьу covalent bonds compound ._ А. ionic bond ____# (,,. Bond in which valence electrons are shared Ьу ____ 3� The forces that hold the elements together in а ---�--· Q.. ,11 :(,, ____ 32L. А solution characterized Ьу the formation of hydroxide ions (ОН-) с. ____ 33:.. The change of one or more substances into other substances .::1 . solid solution base chemical bonds chemical reaction 1 \ ,, SECТION Comblning Matter, 3.2 continued In your textbook, read about chemical bonds. Complete the tаЫе below Ьу writing the type or types of chemical bond found in the type of matter on the left. Use the following types of chemical bonds: COVJllent, ionic, metallic.