10. MOUNTAINS,PLATEAU,PLAINS ETC.
Acoording to origination Mountains are of four
types 1. Block Mountain- When due to fault rock decends
and around the faults area seem to be above
the normal hight,then block mountains are originated. Eg. Black forest(Germany),vindhyachal &
satpura(India),salt range(Pakistan).
2. Residual Mountain-Formed by erosion of
rocks.For
exampleNilgiri,Parasnath,Aravallis,Eastern
& Western ghats.
3. Accumulated Mountain-Mountains formed by
accumulation of sand,gravels,lava etc. at a place
on Earth's surface.For example-Sand dunes in
deserts.
4. Folded Mountain-These Mountains are formed
by folding of surface rocks due to internal forces
of Earth.For example Himalaya,Ural,Rocky,Andes
etc.
•
Aravallis are the oldest mountain of India.
Plateau
Specific landform of earth which is high as compared to nearby areas and top portion is broad
and almost plain. Example- Plateau of
Tibbet,Ranchi plateau, Bolivian plateau,
Hazaribagh palteau etc.Platues are of following
types:
A. Intermountain plateau- Platues in between
mountains. Ex.- Plateau of Tibbet , Bolivian plateau , Anatolia platue , Patagonia plateau.
B. Foothill plateau- Platues in between mountains
and plains.
C. Continental plateau- Platueau on Earth formed
by lacolith erosion. Ex.- Deccan Plateau.
D. Costal plateau- Platues on the coastal areas of
oceans. Ex.- Coromandal Plateau of India.
E. Dome-Shape plateau- Plateau formed by movement. Ex.- Ramgarh Dome(India),Chota nagpur
plateau.
Plains
•
The plain areas of surface having hight less than
500 ft.
•
Loyas plain- Formed by sand and soil.
•
•
Karst plain- Formed by lime stone rocks.
Peni plain- Formed by erosion of ricers near ocean
coast.
•
Glacial plain- Formed by glaciers.
•
Depositional plain- Formed by river deposits.
Forest
Forests are of follwing type•
Tropical evergreen forests-This type of forest is
found in equitorial and tropical region, where there
is rainfall more than 200 cm.Tree leaves are
broader in these forests.Areas- Venezuela , Brazil.
•
Tropical decidues forests-Forest getting rainfall
less than 150cm. For example-sal,teakwood,
sandlewood etc.
•
Equitorial forests-In these forests mixture of trees
and shurbs is found. Main trees- olive,cork,oak.
Main areas-Amazon basin,Congo basin.
•
Taiga forests-These are evergreen forests.Tree
leaves are conical.
•
Tundra forests-This area remains covered with
snow.Main vegetations are lichane and moss.
•
Mountain forests-These areas have coniferrous
forests with broad laeves.
Tropical grass lands
Savana
Africa & Australia
Campose Brazil
Llanos
Venezuela & Columbia
(Guianea highlands)
Temperate grass lands
Preries
USA & Canada
Pamas
Arzentina
Welds
South Africa
Downs
Australia & Newzealand
The SteppiesIn Asia-Ukrane,Russia & areas
of Munchuria in china
Landforms on Earth's surface
By Ground water - Gysers,Karst lake
By ocean water - Surf,Hook,Loop,Tangrika
By Glacier
- Drumlin,Horne,Surk
By Wind
- Inselburg,Barkhan, zyugen,sand
dunes
By Ocean waves - Lagoon lake,Stake,Riya Coast.
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