Which Statement is True of Social Stratification Practice Material

17/17  that's 100%  17 questions were answered correctly. 1   Which statement is true of social stratification? There are roughly equal numbers   of people in each strata of society. Most societies have the same amount of stratification. Different societies have different   degrees of social stratification.  There are typically two strata in societies: the top and the bottom. RATIONALE Social stratification is the structured ranking of groups in society in a hierarchical fashion. All societies exhibit some form of stratification, but some societies have a lot more inequality and stratification than others. 2   Which of these options best describes the queer theory perspective of sexuality? Men who embrace qualities  associated with femininity are abnormal. Sexual activity should only be     encouraged within the confines of a marriage. Family support is a crucial element of social structure and society. Sexuality is determined by more than simply the gender of a desired sex partner. RATIONALE Queer theory argues against a monolithic definition of sexuality and its reduction of sexuality to the single factor of the gender of someone’s desired partner. Theorists have proposed dozens of other ways in which people’s sexualities are different. 3   Mirasol lives in a society with an open class system, and she was born to a wealthy family. Which of the following conditions best applies to her? She has a high degree of power   and control over her life. She has no power or control over  her life.  She has complete and total power and control over her life.  She has a low degree of power and control over her life. RATIONALE A class system is an open system in which individuals have access to social mobility. Class is determined by wealth and income, and classes are differentiated in part by the relative power and control they confer over life. Marisol belongs to the upper class, which means she has a good deal of power and control over her own life. 4   Which statement accurately describes the modern-day situation of people who identify as queer in the U.S.?  They are not legally allowed to marry.  They are well represented in the media.    They benefit from heterosexism. They are still subjected to stereotyping and discrimination. RATIONALE The United States is a heteronormative society, meaning that it promotes heterosexuality as the default or preferred sexual orientation. People who identify as queer are still subjected to homophobia, which is an extreme aversion to homosexuals, as well as stereotyping and discrimination. 5   Which of the following is a question that would be asked by functionalist theorists who study social stratification? What government regulations are   needed to support workers' rights? How do individuals experience poverty in the United States? Why are some occupations    financially rewarded more than others? How do the upper classes use their social position to perpetuate inequality? RATIONALE Functionalist theorists focus on the social purposes and benefits of social inequality. For example, functionalist sociologists Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore sought to understand the unequal value and remuneration of different kinds of work. 6   What type of social movement seeks the greatest change to the social structure?  Redemptive     Reformative Alternative Revolutionary RATIONALE According to sociologist David Aberle's system of categorizing social movements, revolutionary movements seek the greatest change to the social structure because they are both radical and far-reaching. 7   What effect did red-lining have on race in the United States? It prohibited people of color from  living in certain states or from attending school in their neighborhoods. It helped keep neighborhoods and schools racially segregated   by limiting the access of Black homebuyers to bank loans. It helped integrate schools by encouraging whites to buy  homes in traditionally Black neighborhoods.  It supported wealth creation for Black communities by providing federally-backed, low-interest home loans to buyers. RATIONALE Red-lining was a process by which banks, governed by local laws and customs, limited the access of Black homebuyers to bank loans or would only lend money to Blacks to buy houses in certain neighborhoods. This practice contributed to the "de facto" segregation—or segregation that occurs due to local customs—of neighborhoods and schools. 8   Mina lives in a country that is characterized by widespread poverty, minimal industrial development, and a high level of political instability. How would the Cold War system for global stratification classify Mina's country?    First world Third world Second world    Fourth world RATIONALE The common terminology around global inequality that was developed during the Cold War era classified nations as first, second, or third world. The poorest, most undeveloped countries, such as the example given here, were referred to as the third world. 9   Which example illustrates a society with low status consistency? Shara's parents attended an Ivy    League university; she attends one also. Andrew is a U.S. senator; he grew up in a working-class family. Hank only has a high school   diploma; he works as a car mechanic. Raef is a corporate CEO; he is well-respected in his community. RATIONALE Societies with low status consistency display variability in an individual's rank among income, education, and occupation. High status consistency means that, while in theory a person can achieve wealth, prestige, and power greater or less than their family's, it is quite difficult and rare. Because Andrew's professional status is much different from his family's status, he illustrates low status consistency. 10   Which of the following best describes sexism?    The assertion that there are biological differences between men and women The belief that there are no differences between genders Implementation of policies to ensure that people of different sexes are treated equally in the workplace Prejudiced beliefs that value one   sex or gender over others RATIONALE Sexism refers to prejudiced beliefs that value one sex or gender over others. 11   Which statement best characterizes the present day experience of Muslims in the U.S.?    Muslims face greater intolerance than other minority religious groups in the U.S. Muslims are no longer considered to be a minority community in the U.S.  Muslims are not allowed to be legally employed in the U.S.  Muslims are the largest minority religious group in the U.S. RATIONALE Muslims have been in the U.S. for hundreds of years and comprise the second largest minority religious group in the U.S. However, modern geopolitics have fueled negative impressions of American Muslims, resulting ingreater intolerancetoward themthan other minority religious groups. 12   According to sociology, what is the primary cause of poverty in the United States? Individual failings, like lack of   personal effort  An outdated system for defining the poverty line  Structural inequalities and a failed labor market  Inadequate social services and private charity RATIONALE The sociological explanation for poverty is that it results from structural inequalities related to the job market, geography, education, race, ethnicity, age, and gender, among others. It is not considered to be the result of individual failings. 13   Which statement is true about undocumented workers in America today?   They can easily obtain legal status.  They are encouraged to demand fair treatment in the workplace.   They often live with family members who are American citizens. They are guaranteed a safe working environment. RATIONALE Most undocumented immigrants don't live alone, but with family members who are citizens or who otherwise have legal status. Although they are entitled to the same basic worker protections as legal immigrants and U.S. citizens, they are less likely to experience these protections. 14   Sam was assigned male at birth. However, she wants to be accepted and treated socially as a woman and experiences distress when people see her as a man. Sam is experiencing __________.      sexual dysfunction gender conformity gender dysphoria sexual conflict RATIONALE Gender dysphoria is a feeling of a great deal of discomfort with one's primary and/or secondary sex characteristics and how one's gender is perceived by others. 15   What is the difference between race and ethnicity?   Race is a biological category; ethnicity is a cultural designation. Race is a scientifically proven construct; ethnicity is sociologically established. Race has real effects on how  people are treated; ethnicity does not.   Race is based on physical markers; ethnicity is based on cultural ones. RATIONALE Race is a social construct, not a biological category or scientific fact. Physical markers, such as skin color, eye shape, hair type, or cheekbone shape, function as social cues for inclusion or exclusion in a certain racial group. Ethnicity is a term that describes shared culture: the practices, values, and beliefs of a group. Both race and ethnicity have real effects on individual identity and experience. 16   Which statement is true of gender socialization?   Children receive gender socialization, but they do not participate in it. It is always easy to recognize when you are experiencing gender socialization. Gender socialization is received from multiple sources and    continues throughout life.  Gender socialization occurs in childhood and ends in adulthood. RATIONALE Gender socialization occurs through four major agents of socialization: family, schools, peer groups, and mass media. Exposure also occurs through secondary agents, such as religion and the workplace. It begins early in life and continues into adulthood. 17   What does it mean that the U.S. job market is becoming increasingly polarized?   There is growing mistrust and anger between the 99% of workers at the bottom and the 1% at the top. More and more jobs are being contracted to workers overseas, who can be paid a lower wage. Periods of high unemployment are lengthening and periods of  low unemployment are getting shorter and less frequent.   There are many low-skilled, lowpaying jobs and jobs for highlyskilled and educated professionals, but little in between. RATIONALE The U.S. job market is polarizing, meaning a gap is developing, with most employment opportunities at the lowest and highest levels and few jobs for those with mid-level skills and education.