Antibiotic Structure Study Materials

Antibacterial Structure & action. #Antimicrobial agent Agent that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganism. Antibiotics: Natural substances, produced by groups of microorganisms (fungi or bacteria) to kill or suppress the growth of bacteria. Chemotheraputic agent : Agents are chemically Synthesized totally Synthetic v Discovery of pinicillin by Alexender fleming. + Source & Antibioticus Natural Synthetic fungi penicillin, Griseofulvin Bacteria Bacillus (polymixin, Bacitracin) Actinomycetes (Tetracycliner Chloramphenicol ) Classification of Antibiotics. Action Ocwsyn CM Function Spectrum effed on bacterial growth ON A syn Oproten syn Ometabolic pasthany Nycolic acid syn narrow Spectrum broyd Spectrum bacteriostatk bacteriocid Spectrum of activity Gnarrow narrow spectrum only one kind or one Strain ex Vancomycin 1-Limited indications-2 Targets one cell -3greater diagnusis required -Less impact on normal flora 5- Risk of Super in fection. less Broad Spectrum: drugs have wide AB activity Tetracycline, chloramphenicol, Q Sulphonamides & Imipenems Target mitp organ - -MIHP Indication Discourges diagnostic Greater impact on N-F - Risk of super infection greater Con basis of action. Bacteriostatic →Tetracycline AB chloramphinicd Erythromycin →Clindamycin Bactericidal AB →penicillin Cephalosporin Vancomycin Aminoglycoside fluoroquinolones Rifampicin Mechanism of Action, DOC-w Synthesis AB-lactam AB peptidoglycan Synthesis. N Madion -Cross-linking B-lactam -penicillin cephalosporin -Carbapenems Grünspeptidak Carby NAM Steps PBP auldy enzymer Autolys Lala bgly L-Lysin D.at Trans ans pepticktion Da Degrecka peptidoglycan #lysis of bacterial Cell Vancomycin BP Dalanin loss D-alanine from penta peptide D- Liala NAM NAG final Cross linking Q Penicillin Bactericidal Sinactivated By B-lactamase epenicillinaser) Types of penicillin natural Benicillin & (Benzathine penicillin) Semi synthetic Methicillin Oxacillin epenicillinase Resis + narrow spectrum Ampicillin & Amoxicillin epenicillinase sensitive & Broad spectrum + B-lactamase Inh Inhibtors of B-lactamase op Clavulinic acid + Amoxicillin Augmentin - Sulbactam + Ampicillin - Tazobactam Similar penicillin Cephalosporine. Bactericidal 1-reactising & His to penicillin. G G2 G3 G4 G+ve G-VP. G-ve uses MRSA & penicillinase-resistant Streptococcus pneumonial methicillin Resisxunle Staph. aureus Carbapenems →Broadest spectrum. Imipenems Bayer Bactericidal. Give, G-re Banaerobes e exuption of Intra Cellular bacteria chlamydia not by B-lactamase monobactam against aerobic G-ve Neisseria, pseudomonas) used in pt et ts to penicillin. B Vancomycin Dearly stage 2nd stage of peptidoglycan synthesis) Cannot Cross cow of Gove Bacteria Transpeptidation. by binding to Dalanyl-D-alanine. portion penta peptide G+ve ex MRSA Transglycosylase Bacitracin dephosphorylation of phospholipid thato Carries peptidoglycan subunit acrds membrane CW unin WANAB protein Syn 30 Subunit. $30 80 Amino glycosides Amino acyle +RIVA in A site. Bactericidal Aaerobic G-ve Gex streptomycin TB Tetracycline →TRNA attachment. →Bacteriostatic. Broad Spec Spectrum. G+ & G- Mycoplasma, chlamydia, rickettsian 2 So subunit chloramphinico/@peptidyt Transferase. L↳ Bacteriostatic. Peptide bond. perky Transfer Macrolids (Erythromycin, Clarithromycin)) Translocation of elongation of peptide Bacteriostatic Telithromycin Broad Spectrum. Binds at 2 sites at Bacterial ribosome. Clindamycin →Bacteriostatic. Gr tre, bare. e anaerobic bacteria. Jused è Toxic shock syndrom. →Cause ↑ Clostridium pseudomembranes Colitis Streptogram/cins DVRSA, VRE. linezolid MRSAVRE skin, soft tissue &pneumonia chospital aquired pneumonis N.A SynthesA ODNA syn supercoil Fluoroquinolones-synthetic DNA gyrase & Topo isomerase 1, →Bactericidal. exx Nalidixic acid narrow sp Coliform G-ve bact fluoroquinolones broad spe Coliform G -ve rods. Gciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, levafloxacin & Moxifloxacin. Metronidazole antiprotozoal & anaerobes →distrupt DNA Nitrofuran Nitro →Damage bacteria DNA Nitrofurantoin at of UTI ORNA syn Rifampicin binds to DNA-dependent Rus Polymerax RNA SYL Bactericidal (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) & gerubic G-ve TB, leprosy -AIDs relected MB infections prophylaxis H-intluanza meningitis &meningococcal meningits of folic acid syn (metabolic activity) Sulfonamides Pteridine, LO →Dihydropteroic acid Dihydro folic acid DIFF PABA Bacteriostatic) Trimethoprim Tetraby dro folic acid. mycolic acid Synth (Used in tot TB) Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (CNH) Rifampicin →Ethambutol Pyrazinamide functions of Cellular membrane. poly mixin LD disrupt outer finner cell, membrane Last line against Multidrug Resistant & extensively drug Resistant G-ve pathogen