Bergey's Manual and its Importance

Bergey's Manual and its importance - Many schemes for identification of bacteria has been devised prior to 1923 all were Munally fragmentory. but There was a need for a single scheme. which could cover all the described bacteria. - David H. Bergey. a professor of bacteriology at the university university of of Pensyl pensylvania (USA). proceded in this a complete difection. & began preparing review of of bacterial taxonomy. enormous literature - This resulted edition in the publication of the first of "Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology Manual in 1930. in 1923. The 2nd edition. edition of was published in 1925, 3rd edition The first 8 editione of this manual appeared under the title Bergey's Mansal of Determina- -tive Bacteriology. The 9th edition wal the title published as was retitled the first edition under. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology", which conente of 4 volumes published in 1984, 1986, 1989, 1991 respectively. The change of the title of the manual from determinative bacteriology to systematic bacteriology indicates that manual usefulness is no longer restricted to a determinative role ie; mere identification, but it is at a now aimed systematic clasification of bacteria. Bergey's 2nd edition of Systematic Bacteriology was divided into 5 volume. Volume I: The Archaea, and the Deeply Branching & Phototrophic bacteria. Vol : The proteobacteria Vol III: The Low G+C Gram-Positive Bacteria Vol IV: The High G+C Gram-Positive Bacteria Vol: The Planctomycetes, Spirochaetes, Fibrobacters, Bacterioidetes & Fuupbacteria. Volume I contains a wide vou diversity of bacteria in two domains: Archea and the Eubacteria Archea Kingdoms based on are divided into two YRNA Sequences. →The Kingdom Crenarchaeota contains thermophilic & hyperthermophilic sulfur - metabolining organisms of the orders Thermoproteales & Sulfolobates. →The second kingdom, the Euryarchacota, contains primarily methanogenic bacteria & halophilic bacteria; thermophilic sulfur-reducing organisms (the thermoplaemas & thermococci) are included in this kingdom. ako The two kingdoms are divided into three classes & 10 orders, & described in the first five Sections the thermoprotei, sulfolobi & baraphiller Ithe methanogene, the halobacteria the thermo- plasmas & the therniccocc 1. Section VI in - Aquifex & stelatives are included Section VI. The kingdom Aquifex contains autotrophic bacteria such as Aquifex & Hydrogeno- -bacter that production. Can we hydrogen for energy 2. Section VII - Contains Thermotogas & Geotogar. Thermotoga & other members of the class. Thermo togae are anaerobic, thermophilic, fermentative, gram-negative bacteria. 3. Section VIII - The Deinos. The kingdom Deinococci contains bacteria that Volume I contains a wide vou diversity of bacteria in two domains: Archea and the Eubacteria Archea Kingdoms based on are divided into two YRNA Sequences. →The Kingdom Crenarchaeota contains thermophilic & hyperthermophilic sulfur - metabolining organisms of the orders Thermoproteales & Sulfolobates. →The second kingdom, the Euryarchacota, contains primarily methanogenic bacteria & halophilic bacteria; thermophilic sulfur-reducing organisms (the thermoplaemas & thermococci) are included in this kingdom. ako The two kingdoms are divided into three classes & 10 orders, & described in the first five Sections the thermoprotei, sulfolobi & baraphiller Ithe methanogene, the halobacteria the thermo- plasmas & the therniccocc 1. Section VI in - Aquifex & stelatives are included Section VI. The kingdom Aquifex contains autotrophic bacteria such as Aquifex & Hydrogeno- -bacter that production. Can we hydrogen for energy 2. Section VII - Contains Thermotogas & Geotogar. Thermotoga & other members of the class. Thermo togae are anaerobic, thermophilic, fermentative, gram-negative bacteria. 3. Section VIII - The Deinos. The kingdom Deinococci contains bacteria that The kingdom based on is divided into five groups. RNA data. 1 Section XV = The Alpha-Proteo bacteria. They include most of the eligotrophic forms (those capable of growing at low nutrient levels), Rhodospirillum & other are photosynthetic metabolic modes: purple non-sulfur bacteria Some genera have unusual. methylotrophy (eg: methylo- -bacterium), chemolithotrophy (Nitrobacter) & nitrogen fixation (Rhizobium), Rickettsia & Brucella are important pathogens. 2 Section XVI = The Beta-Proteobacteria. Tends to we substances that diffuse from organic decomposition in the anaerobic Some of these bacteria Zone of habitats. such substance as hydrogen (Alcaligenes), ammonia (Nitrosomonas), methane (Methylobacillus). 3 Section XVII The Gamma-Proteobacteria. It compose a large & complex group of thirteen. Orders & 19 families. They are -trophic, aerobic, facultatively often chemoorgano- anaerobic & fermentative. Some important families: Enterobacteriacuae, Vibrionaceae, Pseudomonadaceae & Azotobacteriacea. 4 Section XVIII - The Delta-Proteobacteria contain one class, two orders & 10 families. Some are predators on name other bacteria as the class. implies (eg: Bdellovibrio). The Order Myxococcales contains the fruiting myxo bacteria Such as Myxococcus, Stigmatella & Polyangium. The myxobacteria often alko bacteria. Prey other on 5 Section XIX - The Epsilon-Proteobacteria is composed of only. ene class. Campylobactere one order, & two families; despite of its small. size two important pathogenic genera of Epsilon- Proteobacteria are: Campylobacter & Helicobacter. *Volume 3 of Bergey's Manual surveys the giam-positive bacteria with low G+C content in their DNA. Most of thue bacteria are gram tve & heterotrophic. their close relationship However, became to low G+C gram bacteria, the cytoplasmas are placed though they lack cell wall & 8 tue here even stain gram-ve The volume contains three sections. Section XX = The Clostridia & Relatives. This section contains one class, Clostridia, two orders, & eight families. Although they vary in morphology & size, the members tend to be anaerobic. Genera such as Clostridium, Desulfoto- -maculum & Sperohalobacter from true bacterial endospores; many others do not. Section XXI = The Mollicutes Mollicites contains one . The class. Order & three families. Members of the class often are called mycoplasma These bacteria lack cell walls & cannot make Peptidoglycan are 051 bounded by its the precursors. Because mycoplasmas plaima membrane, they pleomorphic & vary in shape from coeci helical branched filaments. to are 3 Section XXII = The Bacilli & Lactobacilli This large section comprises a gram tve & cocci. aerobic wide variety of (er) facultatively anaerobic, rods * Volume 4 is devoted to the high GitC gram gram tve bacteria with mol% values above 50- There is these enormoLLS morphological variety prokaryoter. Some are cocci; others, 55% among are regular (6) irregular rods. High C+C gram tve bacteria called actinomycetes - form complex branching There is considerable among hyphae. Variety in cell wall chemistry the high G+C gram positives. - For example, the composition of peptidoglycan varies greatly. Mycobacteria produce large mycolic acide that distinguish their walls from those of other bacteria. The taxonomy of these bacteria is very complex && quite different from that given in the first edition. There is one class, Actinobacteria, with six Orders and 35 families. Genera such as Actinomyces, Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, Micrococus, Mycobacterium & Propionibacterium were formerly placed in volume 2 along with gram +ve bacteria sther than the actinomycetu. They are now in the new volume 4 within the Suborders Actinomycineae, Micrococcineae, & Corynebact- -erinene became RNA sludies have shown them. to be related to actinomycetes. This volume also contains genera often classified as nocardioform actinomycetes (Nocarataitolo Rhodococcus) & a variety of actinomycater groups. such the actinoplanetes & streptomycetes. Volume 5 eucriber RAA assortment of deeply branched phylogenetic groups like the Kingdome Planctomycetes, Spirochacter, fibrobacteres, Bacterbides & Furobacteria. Although all of them. are Gram-ve, there is a conelderable variation, in morphology physiology & Lifecycle pattern of these organisms. Sections. The volumes contains Seven ① Section XXIV = The planctomycetes, Chlamydia & Relatives. The planctomycetes are related to the Chlamydiae, & the two are quite different from other bacteria according sequence. to their RNA Placictomycetes are coccoid to ovoid (or) pear-shaped Cells that lack peptidoglycan. They divide by budding & may produce nonprosthecate appendages called Stalks. Many gliding motility. move by flagella or - Chlamydia is with a an obligatory intracellular parasite unique life cycle involving two distinctive Stager elementary bodies & reticulate budiu, these bacteria do resemble planctomycetes lacking peptidoglycan. They are Organisms with no appendages small coccoid Chlamydias are human diseases. important pathogens & Lace many 2 Section XXV The Spirochetes - It contains helically shaped, motile bacteria characterized & motility mechanism... by - gram-ve a unique morphology The exterior boundary that surrounds is a special outer membrane protoplasmic cylinder, which contains the cytoplasm & nucleoid. - Periplasmic flagella lie between the protoplasmic cylinder & the outer membrane. The flagella srotate & move the cell even they don't directly contact the external though There chemoheterotrophe Symbiotic can be free living, or parasitice: Treponema & Borrelia. 3 Section XXVI Contains gram-ve 910ds Members are Fibrobacters: This section anacrobic, non-spore chemo organotrophs. -forming 4 Section XXVII Bacteroides: This section contains Non-Spore forming gram-ve, anaerobic bacteria. This section is one to the kingdom Bacteroides. the free devoted The kingdom has 2 divisions, Bacteriodu & Sphingobacteria. Members of Bacterioder ene (chemoheterotrophs & grow in habitats such the oral cavity, intestinal track of humans & the Gumen of ruminants. 5 Section XXVIII Flavobacteria: Members are god shape There are non- spore forming gram-ve, anaerobre. glucose fermentative. 6 Section XXIX It contaire Sphingobacteria, Flexibacteria, & Cytophaya. This section is one three devoted to the kingdom Bacteroidu. 7 Section XXX Fusobacteria : Members are curved (ar) helical orode, gram-ve, Anaerobic, mostly reside in intestinal tract, mouth & genital tract animalı. Importance :- - Bergey's Manual is an authoritative source of importance for bacterial clanification E identification. - Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is the main resource. for determining the identity of prokaryotic organisms, emphasizing bacterial species, wring every characterizing aspect. It contains far more detail on the families, genera & species & is far more the Determinative manual. up to date than