General Idea About Cyanophages, Actinophages And Mycophages

GENERAL IDEA ABOUT CYANOPHAGES ACTINOPHAGES AND MYCOPHAGES 1. CYANOPHAGES: Cyanobactria: - cyanobacteria and microscopic, photosynthetic, aquatic bactrala → 1s generally found in fitch water, lake, ocean steame moist seil and rock cyanobacteria is also caurd as blue-green algae and alto called os cyanophyte They are aquatic, photosynthetic, prokaryotic bacteato so its name was renamed as cyanobacteria [from Cyanophyte to cyanobacteria] cyanobacteria have inttinal membrare and flattened sacs Calied as thylakoide In thylakoids photosynthesis process is canied out. → Cyanobacteria one microscopic in nature but the colony may be large enough suhen He colony grow it can Cause lange blooms "The blooms may be harmful to humanbeings, prands, animalt and aquatic life. →These cyanobactena forme a layer on the surface of watn in various colours tire green, blue, Frown or red. →This layer cause the depletion of oxygen in the water and affech aquatic life It may also release come taxint in the and affect taste and adour of the water. Cyanophage cyanophage is a virus that infects cyanobacteria. Hess, phage meant vous that infects bacteris celilla, Cyanobacterial Cyanophage uses cyanobacteria fu tu replication & multiplication cyanophage is classified within a bacteriophage family that te myaviridae, podovisidar and Siphovisidan cyanophage was se discovered in 1968 by Salftimen and massis they discovered the the cyanophage and named it de LPP-1 →The thire cyanobacteria that are lyngbye, pecharerna and phoamidium were attack by this vous, so this virw named as Lpp- by using fast letters of these genera The Blutsophic lanse and polluted water supports the loxulous growth of cyanobacteria and hence cyanobacteria form a bloom which can swult in mortality of aquatic life, so hese tyanaphage helps in controlling Such blooms. 2. ACTINOPHAGES: Actinobacteria / Actinomycetes:- Actinomycetes are generally gram positive, anaerobic, arranged in Chaine (01) branching filaments. pedominantly sell bacteria, give soil the "easthy" Smell Almost all species are commentals of the oral Cavity and tone/14 Some of the form the normal flora of mouth and female genital tract → Morphology resembles to fungi, cellular organization typical of bacteria. The di flexence between fungi and actinomyces) → FUNGI ACTINOMYCETES Fongs are group of necroorganiane which includes single call and compler multicellular organtami such as grast, mouide erc. Actinomycetes are non-mate fliamentaus gram polifive bactrala belonging to the gerus of the Actinobacteria clase of battera → Eukaryotic organism fungi filaments are bigger prokaryotic organiem. Actinomycetes flamente aat smalles. Fungi Contain Chitin in thets Cell wall →Actinomycetes Contain peptidoglycan in their Cell wall MORPHOLOGY OF CYANOPHAGE →Cyanophage has Icosahedral head and sheet tais similar to Ta and Tz. There are several cyanophages, so they are diffes in morphology as well as physio chemical properties. →Tall of cyanophages may be contractile (sa) non-contracte →cyanophage has Linear double stranded DNA as genetic material Head Tall Like other bacteriophage cyanophage have tali, protein capild Surrounding genetic material De., dsDNA] approximately 45kbp rong and in some cyanophages encades (contain) photosynthet genes. Ac & nophage:- Actinophage is a virus that infects bacterid of the Dades Actinomycetes. Actinophage ane tailed bacteriophages in the order of Caudovisates and are characterized by the vision tali morphology -se contains bawa as genetic matenal surrounded by Protein coat (Head) 18 Connected to tall. 3. MYCOPHAGE:- Fungi: → Fungi ave spore producing eukaryotic microorganisms. It is either umcellular / multicellular. →cell wall is made up of Chilin fungi lacke Chlorophyll, so they are sporophytic [feed on dead & decay matter on parasithe [feeds on the others] or symbiotic [mutual relatianship]. Fongi emerge as textured colonies that are powdery (01) fuzzy (white/green) and spores [black/bmwn grey] Mycophage: →Myco means fungi, phage means viruses. So, the viruses which infect fungt are known as mycophage. →mycophages are also known as Aryse mycoviruses →Virus that infects funge was not reported by Hollings →Majority of mycoviruses gename is made up of do RNA (roughly 707.), few also found to be had (+) ESRNA (300) But no mycophage Imycovisos so far hat been reported to have de DNA → study of my coviruses are called mycovtrology most of the fungal viruses are ticosahedral and langes from 25-45 nm in diameter most mycoviruses lack an extracellular route for infection. Mycoviruses are transmitted intracellularly only through cell division (from fungi to fungi) ors during sporulation (white Producing spore through seed material] and cell fusion. 1