Anatomy Practice Questions

Answer Key 1) C 2) A 3) D 4) B 5) C 6) B 7) D 8) A 9) E 10) A 11) B 12) C 13) A 14) B 15) C 16) A 17) D 18) B 19) B 20) A 21) A 22) D 23) A 24) C 25) E 26) B 27) A 28) C 29) A 30) B 31) C 32) E 33) A 34) D 35) C 36) B 37) C 38) B 39) D 40) A 41) E 42) TRUE 43) TRUE 44) TRUE 45) FALSE 46) FALSE 47) TRUE 48) FALSE 49) TRUE 50) FALSE 51) TRUE 52) TRUE 53) TRUE 54) TRUE 55) TRUE 56) A 57) B 58) B 59) C 60) C 61) B 62) D 63) B 64) B 65) A 66) C 67) C 68) B 69) C 70) B 71) D 72) C 73) A 74) C 75) A 76) A 77) B 78) C 79) A 80) D 81) D 82) C 83) A 84) B 85) A 86) D 87) D 88) B 89) C 90) D 91) A 92) C 93) D 94) D 95) B 96) D 97) B 98) D 99) tissues 100) What a structure can do depends on its specific form, or "structure determines function." 101) olecranal 102) calcaneal 103) proximal 104) middle ear 105) Physiology 106) homeostasis 107) pelvic 108) visceral 109) Renal 110) metabolism 111) They act to reduce friction and allow the organs to slide across cavity walls. 112) The body is erect, arms hanging at the sides, palms forward, and thumbs pointed away from the midline. 113) Larger structures of the body that can be seen with the naked eye. 114) Yes, carbon dioxide is a metabolic waste the lungs excrete. 115) The statement is backwardsthe higher we go, the less atmospheric pressure, therefore less oxygen. 116) Anatomical terms are precise words that have limited usage, which prevents confusion when describing the location of body parts. 117) orbital 118) responsiveness or irritability 119) water 120) If body temperature is too low, chemical reactions slow and eventually stop. If body temperature is too high, chemical reactions speed up and body proteins lose their normal shape, resulting in loss of function. 121) afferent pathway 122) negative 123) The walls of the abdominal cavity are formed only by trunk muscles and are not reinforced by bone. The pelvic organs receive a somewhat greater degree of protection from the bony pelvis. 124) The goal is to prevent sudden severe changes within the body. 125) positive feedback 126) Homeostatic imbalances increase our risk for illness and produce the changes we associate with aging. 127) respiratory system 128) The abdominal organs are the least protected in the body because they are not surrounded by a bony covering such as the ribs, pelvis, or cranium. 129) A cross section or a transverse section. 130) The pleural space contains a small amount of fluid that acts as a lubricant, allowing the pleurae to slide smoothly over each other as the lungs expand and contract. Pleurisy is an inflammation of the parietal pleura of the lungs. When inflammation occurs in the pleural space, the pleurae do not slide smoothly and this causes severe pain. 131) As we age, our body's control systems become less efficient. As a result, our internal environment becomes less and less stable. 132) The wound is located on the outer side of the leg. 133) Positive feedback loops are common in pathophysiological perpetuation of disease. For example, arteriosclerotic hypertension results in positive feedback mechanisms that enhance and propagate the initial step in the chain of events, which is hypertension. Exam Name___________________________________ SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Figure 1.1 Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities: 1) Thoracic cavity. 1) 2) Cranial cavity. 2) 3) Abdominal cavity. 3) 4) Vertebral cavity. 4) Figure 1.2 Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions: 5) Umbilical region. 5) 6) Right hypochondriac. 6) 7) Hypogastric (pubic) region. 7) 8) Epigastric region. 8) 9) Right iliac (inguinal) region. 9) MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match the following systems to their functions: 10) Directly causes mechanical motion. A) Muscular 10) 11) Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses. A) Integumentary 11) B) Nervous 12) Provides support and levers for muscles to work on. 12) C) Skeletal 13) Protects underlying organs from mechanical damage and synthesizes vitamin D. Match the following systems to their functions: 14) Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones. 13) A) Immune 14) B) Endocrine 15) Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. 16) Produces antibodies that neutralize foreign substances. 15) C) Cardiovascular D) Lymphatic 17) Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues. Match the following examples of feedback mechanisms: 18) Blood glucose levels 19) Blood pressure 17) A) Positive feedback B) Negative feedback 20) Blood clotting 18) 19) 20) 21) Delivering a baby Match the following systems and organs: 22) Arteries, veins, heart. 16) 21) A) Respiratory 23) Trachea, bronchi, alveoli. B) Urinary 24) Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary. C) Endocrine 25) Esophagus, large intestine, rectum. D) Cardiovascular 26) Kidneys, bladder, ureters. E) Digestive 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) Match the following cavities and organs: 27) Stomach. A) Abdominopelvic 28) Heart. B) Cranial 29) Uterus. C) Thoracic 30) Brain. 29) 31) A) Gluteal 33) Buttock. B) Thoracic 34) Head. C) Patellar 35) Knee (anterior aspect). D) Cephalic 36) Chest. E) Brachial Match the regional/directional terms and examples: 37) The bridge of the nose is ________ to the left eye. 28) 30) 31) Lungs. Match the following regional terms and common terms: 32) Arm. 27) A) Distal 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37) B) Proximal 38) The upper arm is ________ to the forearm. C) Medial 39) The heart is ________ to the stomach. D) Superior 39) 40) The fingers are ________ to the wrist. E) Anterior 40) 38) 41) The stomach is ________ to the spine. 41) TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 42) Positive feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus. 42) 43) Imaging is useful in discovering obstructed blood supplies in organs and tissues. 43) 44) The anatomical position means the body is standing at attention with the palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away from the body. 44) 45) The elbow is proximal to the shoulder. 45) 46) The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum. 46) 47) A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction. 47) 48) The right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach. 48) 49) Lungs carry out an excretory function. 49) 50) Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception through old age. 50) 51) A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function. 51) 52) It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it. 52) 53) Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance. 53) 54) Regardless of the variable being regulated, all homeostatic control mechanisms have at least three interdependent components. 54) 55) The epigastric region is located superior to the umbilical region. 55) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question 56) Histology would be best defined as a study of ________. A) tissues B) the gross structures of the body C) cell chemistry D) cells 56) 57) The study of the heart may incorporate many aspects of anatomy but as a whole you would say it is __________ anatomy. A) developmental B) gross C) systemic D) microscopic 57) 58) An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of ________. A) responsiveness B) excretion of metabolic waste C) maintaining boundaries D) metabolism 58) 59) Average body temperature is ________ degrees centigrade. A) 47 B) 68 C) 37 59) D) 98 60) If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat would be the ________. A) effector B) receptor C) control center D) variable 60) 61) What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback? A) to keep the body's sugar high B) to maintain homeostasis C) to regulate excretion D) to control all body system tissues 61) 62) What is the specific name for the hip region? A) pedal B) manus 62) C) inguinal D) coxal 63) An oblique cut is one that is cut ________. A) perpendicular to vertical and horizontal B) diagonally between the vertical and horizontal C) vertical right and left D) horizontal right and left 64) The heart lies in the ________ cavity. A) superior mediastinal C) dorsal 63) 64) B) pericardial D) pleural 65) The cavities housing the eyes are called __________ cavities. A) orbital B) nasal C) cranial D) frontal 65) 66) A structure that is composed of two or more tissues would be a(n) ________. A) complex cell B) complex tissue C) organ D) organ system 67) ________ cavities are spaces within joints. A) Orbital B) Nasal D) Oral 66) 67) C) Synovial 68) Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life? A) maintenance of boundaries B) decay C) movement D) responsiveness to external stimuli 68) 69) Which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind? A) anterior B) distal C) dorsal 69) D) lateral 70) The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight, is ________. A) hydrogen B) water C) protein D) oxygen 70) 71) What is the posterior side of the patella called? A) crural B) antecubital 71) C) sural D) popliteal 72) Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms? A) Negative feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus. B) Blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms. C) Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body. D) Positive feedback mechanisms always result in excessive damage to the host. 72) 73) The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________. A) palms turned posteriorly B) body erect C) thumbs pointed laterally D) arms at sides 73) 74) A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________. A) body temperature regulation B) blood calcium level regulation C) enhancement of labor contractions D) regulating glucose levels in the blood 74) 75) Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane? A) any sagittal plane except the median B) two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves C) any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior D) a transverse cut just above the knees 75) 76) Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region? A) intestines B) stomach C) appendix D) liver 76) 77) The parietal pleural would represent a serous membrane ________. A) covering the heart B) lining the thoracic cavity C) covering individual lungs D) lining the abdominal cavity 77) 78) Which one of the following systems responds to environmental stimuli? A) muscular B) lymphatic C) nervous 78) D) immune 79) Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched. A) Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region. B) Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye C) Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye D) Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth 79) 80) Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________. A) a dynamic state within an unlimited range B) a static state with no deviation from preset points C) the lowest possible energy usage D) a relatively stable internal environment, within limits 80) 81) In which cavities are the lungs located? A) pleural, dorsal, and abdominal C) mediastinum, thoracic, and ventral 81) B) pericardial, ventral, and thoracic D) pleural, ventral, and thoracic 82) Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes. A) Serosa are very thin, doublelayered structures. B) Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid. C) Visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the walls of the heart. D) Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a potential space between the two. 82) 83) Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 83) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. molecules atoms tissues cells organ A) 21 43 5 B) 12 345 C) 2 13 45 D) 12 43 5 84) Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain? A) PET B) MRI C) DSA D) X ray 84) 85) Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity? A) thoracic cavity B) cranial cavity 85) C) vertebral cavity 86) In which abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located? A) left lower B) right lower C) right upper D) spinal cord 86) D) left upper 87) Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance? A) Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed. B) The internal environment is becoming more stable. C) Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally. D) It is considered the cause of most diseases. 87) 88) Subdivisions of anatomy include which of the following? A) gross, macroscopic, visual, and microscopic B) gross, regional, systemic, and surface C) regional, surface, visual, and microscopic D) gross, regional, dissection, and surface 88) 89) The term pollex refers to the ________. A) great toe B) calf 89) C) thumb 90) The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following? A) liver B) intestines C) lungs D) fingers 90) D) brain 91) Select the most correct statement. A) The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system. B) Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life. C) Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both. D) The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system. 91) 92) One of the functional characteristics of life is irritability. This refers to ________. A) the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger B) indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system C) sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them D) the necessity for all organisms to reproduce 92) 93) Which of the following are survival needs of the body? A) nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction B) water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement C) nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction D) nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen 93) 94) The anatomical position is used ________. A) only when a body is lying down B) rarely, because people don't usually assume this position C) as the most comfortable way to stand when dissecting a specimen D) as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body 94) 95) What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called? A) transverse B) sagittal C) frontal D) regional 95) 96) What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called? A) median B) transverse C) sagittal D) frontal 96) 97) Which body cavity protects the nervous system? A) thoracic B) dorsal 97) C) vertebral D) cranial 98) Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels? A) cardiovascular physiology B) systemic anatomy C) systemic physiology D) cardiovascular anatomy 98) SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 99) Similar cells that have a common function are called ________. 99) 100) What does the “principle of complementarity of structures and function” mean? 100) 101) The term that describes the back of the elbow is ________. 101) 102) The term that describes the heel region is ________. 102) 103) The elbow is ________ to the wrist. 103) 104) The ________ cavity contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the organ of hearing in the inner ear. 104) 105) ________ is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function of specific organs or organic systems. 105) 106) What is a dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment termed? 106) 107) Which cavity contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum? 107) 108) What is the serous membrane that covers the intestines called? 108) 109) ________ physiology concerns urine production and kidney function. 109) 110) What broad term covers all chemical reactions that occur within the body cells? 110) 111) What is the function of the serous membranes? 111) 112) Fully describe the anatomical position for the human body. 112) 113) What does gross anatomy study? 113) 114) Can lungs carry out excretory functions? Explain your answer. 114) 115) The higher we go in the mountains, the greater the atmospheric pressure, which causes a loss of oxygen. Comment on this statement. 115) 116) Why is anatomical terminology necessary? 116) 117) The five cavities of the head are cranial, oral, nasal, middle ear, and ________. 117) 118) The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is called ________. 118) 119) What is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body? 119) 120) Why must a normal body temperature be maintained in order for chemical reactions to be continued at lifesustaining rates? 120) 121) What is the pathway between the receptor and the control center in the reflex pathway called? 121) 122) What type of homeostatic feedback reflex is the withdrawal reflex? 122) 123) Why are the abdominopelvic cavity organs the most vulnerable in an automobile accident? 123) 124) What is the goal of all of the negative feedback mechanisms of the body? 124) 125) Which feedback mechanism causes the variable to deviate further and further from its original value or range? 125) 126) What can happen when the usual negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed and destructive positive feedback mechanisms take over? 126) 127) Which body system would be most affected by a lower than normal atmospheric pressure? 127) ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 128) A small family was traveling in its van and had a minor accident. The children in the back seats were wearing lap belts, but still sustained numerous bruises about the abdomen, and had some internal organ injuries. Why is this area more vulnerable to damage than others? 129) A surgeon removed a section of tissue along a transverse plane for microscopic examination. What two names would the section be called? 130) Judy is 16 years old and collapses on the gym floor with severe pain in her chest wall. She is rushed by ambulance to the emergency room. Judy is diagnosed with pleurisy and is given an antiinflammatory through the intravenous route. Explain why an antiinflammatory would be prescribed for someone with pleurisy. 131) Explain why an 80yearold woman requires a much longer time to recover from the flu than does a woman who is age 30. 132) The nurse charted: "Patient has an open wound located on lateral aspect of leg." Describe where the wound is located. 133) The patient was admitted to the hospital with hypertension. The development of arteriosclerosis has increased peripheral resistance to blood flow, worsening his hypertension. This is an example of what type of feedback loop and why?